{"dataset":{"name":"U.S. Drinking Water Quality — Contaminant Measurements","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","homepage":"https://www.thewatermap.com"},"meta":{"generatedAt":"2026-08-24T07:27:58.987Z"},"system":{"slug":"metro__268__avondale","name":"Avondale","state":"AZ","year":2024,"url":"https://www.thewatermap.com/water/az/avondale/2024","apiUrl":"https://www.thewatermap.com/api/water/az/avondale/2024","markdownUrl":"https://www.thewatermap.com/water/az/avondale/2024/llms.txt","coordinates":{"latitude":33.4355977,"longitude":-112.349602},"contaminantsMeasured":30,"contaminantsWithFederalLimit":8,"contaminantsAtOrAboveLimit":2,"contaminantsApproachingLimit":3,"source":{"type":"Consumer Confidence Report (CCR)","description":"Figures are transcribed from the water utility's own annual Consumer Confidence Report, cross-checked by a second model, and approved by a person before publishing."},"families":[{"family":"disinfectant","familyLabel":"Disinfectants","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"chlorine","name":"Chlorine","family":"disinfectant","familyLabel":"Disinfectants","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A disinfectant added to drinking water to kill bacteria and viruses.","whyItMatters":"Effective and necessary, but high residual levels can cause taste and odor issues; the EPA caps the residual disinfectant level.","measured":{"value":180,"low":0,"high":180,"kind":"range","display":"0–180","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND - 180\nNA"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4000,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":180,"low":0,"high":180,"kind":"range","display":"0–180","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"ND - 180\nNA"}]}]},{"family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"haa5","name":"HAA5","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Haloacetic acids — a group of five disinfection byproducts formed when disinfectants react with organic matter.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit is associated with an increased cancer risk.","measured":{"value":4.19,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"4.19","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"4.19"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":60,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.93,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.93","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"2.93"},{"value":4.19,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"4.19","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"4.19"}]}]},{"family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"bromide","name":"Bromide","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"24959-67-9","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring salt found in source water.","whyItMatters":"Not directly regulated, but a precursor that increases formation of brominated disinfection byproducts.","measured":{"value":330,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"330","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"330"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":330,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"330","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"330"}]},{"analyteId":"fluoride","name":"Fluoride","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"16984-48-8","whatItIs":"A mineral often added to drinking water to help prevent tooth decay.","whyItMatters":"Beneficial at low levels, but long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause bone disease and tooth mottling.","measured":{"value":1.1,"low":0,"high":1.1,"kind":"range","display":"0–1.1","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND - 1.1\n0.27"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.275},{"context":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","label":"Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.2}],"measurements":[{"value":0.8,"low":0.3,"high":0.8,"kind":"range","display":"0.3–0.8","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"0.3 - 0.8\nNA"},{"value":1.1,"low":0,"high":1.1,"kind":"range","display":"0–1.1","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND - 1.1\n0.27"}]},{"analyteId":"nitrate","name":"Nitrate","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"14797-55-8","whatItIs":"A compound from fertilizer runoff, septic systems, and erosion of natural deposits.","whyItMatters":"Levels above the federal limit can cause 'blue baby syndrome,' a serious oxygen-transport condition in infants.","measured":{"value":8.2,"low":0,"high":8.2,"kind":"range","display":"0–8.2","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND - 8.2\nNA"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":10,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"approaching","label":"Approaching the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","label":"Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.82},{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.596}],"measurements":[{"value":5.96,"low":2.15,"high":5.96,"kind":"range","display":"2.15–5.96","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"2.15 - 5.96\n4.03"},{"value":8.2,"low":0,"high":8.2,"kind":"range","display":"0–8.2","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"ND - 8.2\nNA"}]}]},{"family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"arsenic","name":"Arsenic","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-38-2","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring element that also enters water from industry and agriculture.","whyItMatters":"A known human carcinogen; long-term exposure is linked to skin, bladder, and lung cancer.","measured":{"value":8.3,"low":0,"high":8.3,"kind":"range","display":"0–8.3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND - 8.3\n6"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":10,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"approaching","label":"Approaching the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","label":"Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.83},{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.49000000000000005}],"measurements":[{"value":4.9,"low":0,"high":4.9,"kind":"range","display":"0–4.9","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND - 4.9\n2.23"},{"value":8.3,"low":0,"high":8.3,"kind":"range","display":"0–8.3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"ND - 8.3\n6"}]},{"analyteId":"barium","name":"Barium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-39-3","whatItIs":"A metal from erosion of natural deposits and industrial discharge.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit can raise blood pressure.","measured":{"value":180,"low":35,"high":180,"kind":"range","display":"35–180","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"35 - 180\n120"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":2000,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.09},{"context":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","label":"Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.0665}],"measurements":[{"value":180,"low":35,"high":180,"kind":"range","display":"35–180","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"35 - 180\n120"},{"value":133,"low":7,"high":133,"kind":"range","display":"7–133","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"7 - 133\nNA"}]},{"analyteId":"chromium_total","name":"Chromium, Total","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-47-3","whatItIs":"Total chromium — the sum of all chromium forms, from natural deposits and industrial discharge.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause allergic dermatitis; includes hexavalent chromium.","measured":{"value":56,"low":0,"high":56,"kind":"range","display":"0–56","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND - 56\nNA"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":100,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","label":"Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.5599999999999999},{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.15}],"measurements":[{"value":15,"low":0,"high":15,"kind":"range","display":"0–15","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND - 15\n4.5"},{"value":56,"low":0,"high":56,"kind":"range","display":"0–56","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"ND - 56\nNA"}]},{"analyteId":"copper","name":"Copper","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-50-8","whatItIs":"A metal that enters water from corroding household plumbing.","whyItMatters":"Short-term exposure causes stomach distress; long-term exposure can damage the liver and kidneys.","measured":{"value":0.49,"low":0.023,"high":0.49,"kind":"range","display":"0.023–0.49","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.023 - 0.49\n0.36"},"federalStandard":{"type":"AL","value":1.3,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.49,"low":0.023,"high":0.49,"kind":"range","display":"0.023–0.49","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"0.023 - 0.49\n0.36"}]},{"analyteId":"germanium","name":"Germanium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-56-4","whatItIs":"A trace metalloid found in some source water.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated; monitored occasionally as a trace element.","measured":{"value":0.36,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.36","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.36"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.36,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.36","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"0.36"}]},{"analyteId":"lead","name":"Lead","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A toxic metal that leaches into water from old service lines, solder, and plumbing fixtures.","whyItMatters":"There is no safe level of lead; it harms brain development in children and raises blood pressure in adults. The EPA sets an action level, not a health goal above zero.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.0","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"lead 90th-percentile 0.0 mg/L (EPA SDWIS LCR, 1 round(s), 2024)"},"federalStandard":{"type":"AL","value":0.015,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.0","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","rawVerbatim":"lead 90th-percentile 0.0 mg/L (EPA SDWIS LCR, 1 round(s), 2024)"}]},{"analyteId":"lithium","name":"Lithium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-93-2","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring element found in some groundwater.","whyItMatters":"No enforceable federal limit; on the EPA contaminant candidate list for further study.","measured":{"value":114,"low":40.7,"high":114,"kind":"range","display":"40.7–114","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"40.7-114\n70"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null},{"context":"zone:City of Phoenix","label":"City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null}],"measurements":[{"value":114,"low":40.7,"high":114,"kind":"range","display":"40.7–114","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"40.7-114\n70"},{"value":70.2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"70.2","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"70.2"}]},{"analyteId":"manganese","name":"Manganese","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-96-5","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring metal from soil and rock.","whyItMatters":"No enforceable federal limit; high levels stain fixtures and laundry and can affect taste, with a health advisory for infants.","measured":{"value":0.87,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.87","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.87"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.87,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.87","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"0.87"}]},{"analyteId":"selenium","name":"Selenium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7782-49-2","whatItIs":"A trace element from natural deposits and industrial discharge.","whyItMatters":"Essential in tiny amounts, but long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause hair and fingernail loss and circulatory problems.","measured":{"value":2.3,"low":0,"high":2.3,"kind":"range","display":"0–2.3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND - 2.3\nNA"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":50,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.3,"low":0,"high":2.3,"kind":"range","display":"0–2.3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"ND - 2.3\nNA"}]},{"analyteId":"sodium","name":"Sodium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-23-5","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring salt component.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; relevant for people on sodium-restricted diets.","measured":{"value":198,"low":88,"high":198,"kind":"range","display":"88–198","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered water from City of Phoenix","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"88 - 198.0"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:Delivered water from City of Phoenix","label":"Delivered water from City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null},{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null}],"measurements":[{"value":198,"low":88,"high":198,"kind":"range","display":"88–198","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"88 - 198.0"},{"value":150,"low":83,"high":150,"kind":"range","display":"83–150","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"83.0 - 150.0"}]}]},{"family":"microbial","familyLabel":"Microbial","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"ecoli","name":"Escherichia coli (E. coli)","family":"microbial","familyLabel":"Microbial","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Escherichia coli — bacteria found in the gut of humans and animals.","whyItMatters":"Its presence in drinking water indicates fecal contamination and a real risk of waterborne illness.","measured":{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1","units":"%","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND / Average: 1*"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"%","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null},{"context":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","label":"Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"%","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null}],"measurements":[{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1","units":"%","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND / Average: 1*"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":"%","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"0"}]},{"analyteId":"total_coliform","name":"Total Coliform","family":"microbial","familyLabel":"Microbial","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A group of bacteria used as an indicator of overall water-system sanitation.","whyItMatters":"Coliforms themselves are usually harmless, but their presence signals that disease-causing organisms could enter the system.","measured":{"value":2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2","units":"%","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"2 ( ); <5%\nof monthly samples\n0"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCLG","value":0,"units":"%","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2","units":"%","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"2 ( ); <5%\nof monthly samples\n0"}]}]},{"family":"other","familyLabel":"Other","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"chlorine_free","name":"Chlorine Free","family":"other","familyLabel":"Other","casrn":null,"whatItIs":null,"whyItMatters":null,"measured":{"value":2,"low":0,"high":2,"kind":"range","display":"0–2","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","censored":false,"detectionLimit":0.22,"rawVerbatim":"<0.22 - 2.0\n0.9"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","label":"Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.5},{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.46}],"measurements":[{"value":1.84,"low":0.4,"high":1.84,"kind":"range","display":"0.4–1.84","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"0.4 - 1.84\n0.97"},{"value":2,"low":0,"high":2,"kind":"range","display":"0–2","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"<0.22 - 2.0\n0.9"}]}]},{"family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"pfbs","name":"Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"375-73-5","whatItIs":"Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Has no standalone limit but is part of the EPA PFAS Hazard Index that limits PFAS in combination.","measured":{"value":16,"low":0,"high":16,"kind":"range","display":"0–16","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND-0.016\n0.008"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"ng/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null},{"context":"zone:City of Phoenix","label":"City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"ng/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null}],"measurements":[{"value":0.011,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.011","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"0.011"},{"value":16,"low":0,"high":16,"kind":"range","display":"0–16","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND-0.016\n0.008"}]},{"analyteId":"pfhpa","name":"Perfluoroheptanoic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"375-85-9","whatItIs":"Perfluoroheptanoic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Monitored under EPA rules; persistent in the environment.","measured":{"value":4,"low":0,"high":4,"kind":"range","display":"0–4","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND-0.004\nNA"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":4,"low":0,"high":4,"kind":"range","display":"0–4","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND-0.004\nNA"}]},{"analyteId":"pfhxs","name":"Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"355-46-4","whatItIs":"Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Regulated by the EPA at 10 parts per trillion and included in the PFAS Hazard Index.","measured":{"value":9,"low":0,"high":9,"kind":"range","display":"0–9","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND-0.009\n0.002"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":10,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"approaching","label":"Approaching the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":9,"low":0,"high":9,"kind":"range","display":"0–9","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND-0.009\n0.002"}]},{"analyteId":"pfhxa","name":"Perfluorohexanoic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"307-24-4","whatItIs":"Perfluorohexanoic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Monitored under EPA rules; persistent and widely detected.","measured":{"value":13,"low":0,"high":13,"kind":"range","display":"0–13","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND-0.013\n0.005"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":13,"low":0,"high":13,"kind":"range","display":"0–13","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND-0.013\n0.005"}]},{"analyteId":"pfpea","name":"Perfluoropentanoic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"2706-90-3","whatItIs":"Perfluoropentanoic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Monitored under EPA rules; persistent in the environment.","measured":{"value":17,"low":0,"high":17,"kind":"range","display":"0–17","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND-0.017\n0.005"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":17,"low":0,"high":17,"kind":"range","display":"0–17","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND-0.017\n0.005"}]},{"analyteId":"pfba","name":"PFBA","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"375-22-4","whatItIs":"Perfluorobutanoic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Monitored under EPA rules; persistent in the environment and the human body.","measured":{"value":7,"low":0,"high":7,"kind":"range","display":"0–7","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND-0.007\n0.001"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"ng/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null},{"context":"zone:City of Phoenix","label":"City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"ng/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null}],"measurements":[{"value":0.005,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.005","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"0.005"},{"value":7,"low":0,"high":7,"kind":"range","display":"0–7","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND-0.007\n0.001"}]},{"analyteId":"pfoa","name":"PFOA","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"335-67-1","whatItIs":"Perfluorooctanoic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical' once used in nonstick and stain-resistant products.","whyItMatters":"Linked to cancer, liver damage, and immune effects; the EPA set an enforceable limit of 4 parts per trillion.","measured":{"value":14,"low":0,"high":14,"kind":"range","display":"0–14","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND-0.014\n0.004"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"over","label":"At or above the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":14,"low":0,"high":14,"kind":"range","display":"0–14","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND-0.014\n0.004"}]},{"analyteId":"pfos","name":"PFOS","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"1763-23-1","whatItIs":"Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical' once used in firefighting foam and coatings.","whyItMatters":"Linked to cancer, thyroid disease, and immune effects; the EPA set an enforceable limit of 4 parts per trillion.","measured":{"value":12,"low":0,"high":12,"kind":"range","display":"0–12","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND-0.012\n0.004"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"over","label":"At or above the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":12,"low":0,"high":12,"kind":"range","display":"0–12","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND-0.012\n0.004"}]}]},{"family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"temperature","name":"Temperature","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"The measured temperature of the water sample.","whyItMatters":"Not regulated for health; warmer water can affect disinfection and microbial growth.","measured":{"value":42,"low":14,"high":42,"kind":"range","display":"14–42","units":null,"statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"14.0 - 42.0"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null},{"context":"zone:Delivered water from City of Phoenix","label":"Delivered water from City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null}],"measurements":[{"value":42,"low":14,"high":42,"kind":"range","display":"14–42","units":null,"statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"14.0 - 42.0"},{"value":35,"low":14,"high":35,"kind":"range","display":"14–35","units":null,"statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"14.0 - 35.0"}]},{"analyteId":"toc","name":"TOC","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Total organic carbon — a measure of organic material dissolved in the water.","whyItMatters":"Not harmful itself, but it is the raw material that forms disinfection byproducts; removal is a treatment requirement.","measured":{"value":2.8,"low":0.7,"high":2.8,"kind":"range","display":"0.7–2.8","units":null,"statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.7 - 2.8"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.8,"low":0.7,"high":2.8,"kind":"range","display":"0.7–2.8","units":null,"statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"0.7 - 2.8"}]}]},{"family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"gross_alpha","name":"Gross Alpha","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Gross alpha particle activity — a combined measure of alpha-emitting radioactive substances.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit increases cancer risk.","measured":{"value":1.9,"low":0,"high":1.9,"kind":"range","display":"0–1.9","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND - 1.9\nNA"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":15,"units":"pCi/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":1.9,"low":0,"high":1.9,"kind":"range","display":"0–1.9","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"ND - 1.9\nNA"}]},{"analyteId":"uranium","name":"Uranium","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":"7440-61-1","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring radioactive metal from erosion of natural deposits.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit can damage the kidneys and increase cancer risk.","measured":{"value":4.6,"low":1.7,"high":4.6,"kind":"range","display":"1.7–4.6","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.7 - 4.6\n3.1"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":30,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.15333333333333332},{"context":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","label":"Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.06333333333333332}],"measurements":[{"value":4.6,"low":1.7,"high":4.6,"kind":"range","display":"1.7–4.6","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"1.7 - 4.6\n3.1"},{"value":1.9,"low":1.4,"high":1.9,"kind":"range","display":"1.4–1.9","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"1.4 - 1.9\nNA"}]}]}],"contaminants":[{"analyteId":"chlorine","name":"Chlorine","family":"disinfectant","familyLabel":"Disinfectants","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A disinfectant added to drinking water to kill bacteria and viruses.","whyItMatters":"Effective and necessary, but high residual levels can cause taste and odor issues; the EPA caps the residual disinfectant level.","measured":{"value":180,"low":0,"high":180,"kind":"range","display":"0–180","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND - 180\nNA"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4000,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":180,"low":0,"high":180,"kind":"range","display":"0–180","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"ND - 180\nNA"}]},{"analyteId":"haa5","name":"HAA5","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Haloacetic acids — a group of five disinfection byproducts formed when disinfectants react with organic matter.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit is associated with an increased cancer risk.","measured":{"value":4.19,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"4.19","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"4.19"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":60,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.93,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.93","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"2.93"},{"value":4.19,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"4.19","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"4.19"}]},{"analyteId":"bromide","name":"Bromide","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"24959-67-9","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring salt found in source water.","whyItMatters":"Not directly regulated, but a precursor that increases formation of brominated disinfection byproducts.","measured":{"value":330,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"330","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"330"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":330,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"330","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"330"}]},{"analyteId":"fluoride","name":"Fluoride","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"16984-48-8","whatItIs":"A mineral often added to drinking water to help prevent tooth decay.","whyItMatters":"Beneficial at low levels, but long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause bone disease and tooth mottling.","measured":{"value":1.1,"low":0,"high":1.1,"kind":"range","display":"0–1.1","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND - 1.1\n0.27"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.275},{"context":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","label":"Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.2}],"measurements":[{"value":0.8,"low":0.3,"high":0.8,"kind":"range","display":"0.3–0.8","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"0.3 - 0.8\nNA"},{"value":1.1,"low":0,"high":1.1,"kind":"range","display":"0–1.1","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND - 1.1\n0.27"}]},{"analyteId":"nitrate","name":"Nitrate","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"14797-55-8","whatItIs":"A compound from fertilizer runoff, septic systems, and erosion of natural deposits.","whyItMatters":"Levels above the federal limit can cause 'blue baby syndrome,' a serious oxygen-transport condition in infants.","measured":{"value":8.2,"low":0,"high":8.2,"kind":"range","display":"0–8.2","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND - 8.2\nNA"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":10,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"approaching","label":"Approaching the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","label":"Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.82},{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.596}],"measurements":[{"value":5.96,"low":2.15,"high":5.96,"kind":"range","display":"2.15–5.96","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"2.15 - 5.96\n4.03"},{"value":8.2,"low":0,"high":8.2,"kind":"range","display":"0–8.2","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"ND - 8.2\nNA"}]},{"analyteId":"arsenic","name":"Arsenic","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-38-2","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring element that also enters water from industry and agriculture.","whyItMatters":"A known human carcinogen; long-term exposure is linked to skin, bladder, and lung cancer.","measured":{"value":8.3,"low":0,"high":8.3,"kind":"range","display":"0–8.3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND - 8.3\n6"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":10,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"approaching","label":"Approaching the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","label":"Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.83},{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.49000000000000005}],"measurements":[{"value":4.9,"low":0,"high":4.9,"kind":"range","display":"0–4.9","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND - 4.9\n2.23"},{"value":8.3,"low":0,"high":8.3,"kind":"range","display":"0–8.3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"ND - 8.3\n6"}]},{"analyteId":"barium","name":"Barium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-39-3","whatItIs":"A metal from erosion of natural deposits and industrial discharge.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit can raise blood pressure.","measured":{"value":180,"low":35,"high":180,"kind":"range","display":"35–180","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"35 - 180\n120"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":2000,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.09},{"context":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","label":"Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.0665}],"measurements":[{"value":180,"low":35,"high":180,"kind":"range","display":"35–180","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"35 - 180\n120"},{"value":133,"low":7,"high":133,"kind":"range","display":"7–133","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"7 - 133\nNA"}]},{"analyteId":"chromium_total","name":"Chromium, Total","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-47-3","whatItIs":"Total chromium — the sum of all chromium forms, from natural deposits and industrial discharge.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause allergic dermatitis; includes hexavalent chromium.","measured":{"value":56,"low":0,"high":56,"kind":"range","display":"0–56","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND - 56\nNA"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":100,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","label":"Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.5599999999999999},{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.15}],"measurements":[{"value":15,"low":0,"high":15,"kind":"range","display":"0–15","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND - 15\n4.5"},{"value":56,"low":0,"high":56,"kind":"range","display":"0–56","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"ND - 56\nNA"}]},{"analyteId":"copper","name":"Copper","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-50-8","whatItIs":"A metal that enters water from corroding household plumbing.","whyItMatters":"Short-term exposure causes stomach distress; long-term exposure can damage the liver and kidneys.","measured":{"value":0.49,"low":0.023,"high":0.49,"kind":"range","display":"0.023–0.49","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.023 - 0.49\n0.36"},"federalStandard":{"type":"AL","value":1.3,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.49,"low":0.023,"high":0.49,"kind":"range","display":"0.023–0.49","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"0.023 - 0.49\n0.36"}]},{"analyteId":"germanium","name":"Germanium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-56-4","whatItIs":"A trace metalloid found in some source water.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated; monitored occasionally as a trace element.","measured":{"value":0.36,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.36","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.36"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.36,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.36","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"0.36"}]},{"analyteId":"lead","name":"Lead","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A toxic metal that leaches into water from old service lines, solder, and plumbing fixtures.","whyItMatters":"There is no safe level of lead; it harms brain development in children and raises blood pressure in adults. The EPA sets an action level, not a health goal above zero.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.0","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"lead 90th-percentile 0.0 mg/L (EPA SDWIS LCR, 1 round(s), 2024)"},"federalStandard":{"type":"AL","value":0.015,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.0","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","rawVerbatim":"lead 90th-percentile 0.0 mg/L (EPA SDWIS LCR, 1 round(s), 2024)"}]},{"analyteId":"lithium","name":"Lithium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-93-2","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring element found in some groundwater.","whyItMatters":"No enforceable federal limit; on the EPA contaminant candidate list for further study.","measured":{"value":114,"low":40.7,"high":114,"kind":"range","display":"40.7–114","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"40.7-114\n70"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null},{"context":"zone:City of Phoenix","label":"City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null}],"measurements":[{"value":114,"low":40.7,"high":114,"kind":"range","display":"40.7–114","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"40.7-114\n70"},{"value":70.2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"70.2","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"70.2"}]},{"analyteId":"manganese","name":"Manganese","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-96-5","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring metal from soil and rock.","whyItMatters":"No enforceable federal limit; high levels stain fixtures and laundry and can affect taste, with a health advisory for infants.","measured":{"value":0.87,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.87","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.87"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.87,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.87","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"0.87"}]},{"analyteId":"selenium","name":"Selenium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7782-49-2","whatItIs":"A trace element from natural deposits and industrial discharge.","whyItMatters":"Essential in tiny amounts, but long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause hair and fingernail loss and circulatory problems.","measured":{"value":2.3,"low":0,"high":2.3,"kind":"range","display":"0–2.3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND - 2.3\nNA"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":50,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.3,"low":0,"high":2.3,"kind":"range","display":"0–2.3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"ND - 2.3\nNA"}]},{"analyteId":"sodium","name":"Sodium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-23-5","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring salt component.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; relevant for people on sodium-restricted diets.","measured":{"value":198,"low":88,"high":198,"kind":"range","display":"88–198","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered water from City of Phoenix","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"88 - 198.0"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:Delivered water from City of Phoenix","label":"Delivered water from City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null},{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null}],"measurements":[{"value":198,"low":88,"high":198,"kind":"range","display":"88–198","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"88 - 198.0"},{"value":150,"low":83,"high":150,"kind":"range","display":"83–150","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"83.0 - 150.0"}]},{"analyteId":"ecoli","name":"Escherichia coli (E. coli)","family":"microbial","familyLabel":"Microbial","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Escherichia coli — bacteria found in the gut of humans and animals.","whyItMatters":"Its presence in drinking water indicates fecal contamination and a real risk of waterborne illness.","measured":{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1","units":"%","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND / Average: 1*"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"%","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null},{"context":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","label":"Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"%","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null}],"measurements":[{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1","units":"%","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND / Average: 1*"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":"%","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"0"}]},{"analyteId":"total_coliform","name":"Total Coliform","family":"microbial","familyLabel":"Microbial","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A group of bacteria used as an indicator of overall water-system sanitation.","whyItMatters":"Coliforms themselves are usually harmless, but their presence signals that disease-causing organisms could enter the system.","measured":{"value":2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2","units":"%","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"2 ( ); <5%\nof monthly samples\n0"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCLG","value":0,"units":"%","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2","units":"%","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"2 ( ); <5%\nof monthly samples\n0"}]},{"analyteId":"chlorine_free","name":"Chlorine Free","family":"other","familyLabel":"Other","casrn":null,"whatItIs":null,"whyItMatters":null,"measured":{"value":2,"low":0,"high":2,"kind":"range","display":"0–2","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","censored":false,"detectionLimit":0.22,"rawVerbatim":"<0.22 - 2.0\n0.9"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","label":"Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.5},{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.46}],"measurements":[{"value":1.84,"low":0.4,"high":1.84,"kind":"range","display":"0.4–1.84","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"0.4 - 1.84\n0.97"},{"value":2,"low":0,"high":2,"kind":"range","display":"0–2","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"<0.22 - 2.0\n0.9"}]},{"analyteId":"pfbs","name":"Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"375-73-5","whatItIs":"Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Has no standalone limit but is part of the EPA PFAS Hazard Index that limits PFAS in combination.","measured":{"value":16,"low":0,"high":16,"kind":"range","display":"0–16","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND-0.016\n0.008"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"ng/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null},{"context":"zone:City of Phoenix","label":"City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"ng/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null}],"measurements":[{"value":0.011,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.011","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"0.011"},{"value":16,"low":0,"high":16,"kind":"range","display":"0–16","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND-0.016\n0.008"}]},{"analyteId":"pfhpa","name":"Perfluoroheptanoic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"375-85-9","whatItIs":"Perfluoroheptanoic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Monitored under EPA rules; persistent in the environment.","measured":{"value":4,"low":0,"high":4,"kind":"range","display":"0–4","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND-0.004\nNA"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":4,"low":0,"high":4,"kind":"range","display":"0–4","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND-0.004\nNA"}]},{"analyteId":"pfhxs","name":"Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"355-46-4","whatItIs":"Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Regulated by the EPA at 10 parts per trillion and included in the PFAS Hazard Index.","measured":{"value":9,"low":0,"high":9,"kind":"range","display":"0–9","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND-0.009\n0.002"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":10,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"approaching","label":"Approaching the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":9,"low":0,"high":9,"kind":"range","display":"0–9","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND-0.009\n0.002"}]},{"analyteId":"pfhxa","name":"Perfluorohexanoic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"307-24-4","whatItIs":"Perfluorohexanoic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Monitored under EPA rules; persistent and widely detected.","measured":{"value":13,"low":0,"high":13,"kind":"range","display":"0–13","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND-0.013\n0.005"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":13,"low":0,"high":13,"kind":"range","display":"0–13","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND-0.013\n0.005"}]},{"analyteId":"pfpea","name":"Perfluoropentanoic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"2706-90-3","whatItIs":"Perfluoropentanoic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Monitored under EPA rules; persistent in the environment.","measured":{"value":17,"low":0,"high":17,"kind":"range","display":"0–17","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND-0.017\n0.005"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":17,"low":0,"high":17,"kind":"range","display":"0–17","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND-0.017\n0.005"}]},{"analyteId":"pfba","name":"PFBA","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"375-22-4","whatItIs":"Perfluorobutanoic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Monitored under EPA rules; persistent in the environment and the human body.","measured":{"value":7,"low":0,"high":7,"kind":"range","display":"0–7","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND-0.007\n0.001"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"ng/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null},{"context":"zone:City of Phoenix","label":"City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"ng/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null}],"measurements":[{"value":0.005,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.005","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"0.005"},{"value":7,"low":0,"high":7,"kind":"range","display":"0–7","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND-0.007\n0.001"}]},{"analyteId":"pfoa","name":"PFOA","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"335-67-1","whatItIs":"Perfluorooctanoic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical' once used in nonstick and stain-resistant products.","whyItMatters":"Linked to cancer, liver damage, and immune effects; the EPA set an enforceable limit of 4 parts per trillion.","measured":{"value":14,"low":0,"high":14,"kind":"range","display":"0–14","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND-0.014\n0.004"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"over","label":"At or above the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":14,"low":0,"high":14,"kind":"range","display":"0–14","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND-0.014\n0.004"}]},{"analyteId":"pfos","name":"PFOS","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"1763-23-1","whatItIs":"Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical' once used in firefighting foam and coatings.","whyItMatters":"Linked to cancer, thyroid disease, and immune effects; the EPA set an enforceable limit of 4 parts per trillion.","measured":{"value":12,"low":0,"high":12,"kind":"range","display":"0–12","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND-0.012\n0.004"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"over","label":"At or above the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":12,"low":0,"high":12,"kind":"range","display":"0–12","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"ND-0.012\n0.004"}]},{"analyteId":"temperature","name":"Temperature","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"The measured temperature of the water sample.","whyItMatters":"Not regulated for health; warmer water can affect disinfection and microbial growth.","measured":{"value":42,"low":14,"high":42,"kind":"range","display":"14–42","units":null,"statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"14.0 - 42.0"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null},{"context":"zone:Delivered water from City of Phoenix","label":"Delivered water from City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null}],"measurements":[{"value":42,"low":14,"high":42,"kind":"range","display":"14–42","units":null,"statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"14.0 - 42.0"},{"value":35,"low":14,"high":35,"kind":"range","display":"14–35","units":null,"statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"14.0 - 35.0"}]},{"analyteId":"toc","name":"TOC","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Total organic carbon — a measure of organic material dissolved in the water.","whyItMatters":"Not harmful itself, but it is the raw material that forms disinfection byproducts; removal is a treatment requirement.","measured":{"value":2.8,"low":0.7,"high":2.8,"kind":"range","display":"0.7–2.8","units":null,"statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.7 - 2.8"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.8,"low":0.7,"high":2.8,"kind":"range","display":"0.7–2.8","units":null,"statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"0.7 - 2.8"}]},{"analyteId":"gross_alpha","name":"Gross Alpha","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Gross alpha particle activity — a combined measure of alpha-emitting radioactive substances.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit increases cancer risk.","measured":{"value":1.9,"low":0,"high":1.9,"kind":"range","display":"0–1.9","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND - 1.9\nNA"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":15,"units":"pCi/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":1.9,"low":0,"high":1.9,"kind":"range","display":"0–1.9","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"ND - 1.9\nNA"}]},{"analyteId":"uranium","name":"Uranium","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":"7440-61-1","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring radioactive metal from erosion of natural deposits.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit can damage the kidneys and increase cancer risk.","measured":{"value":4.6,"low":1.7,"high":4.6,"kind":"range","display":"1.7–4.6","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.7 - 4.6\n3.1"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":30,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:City of Avondale","label":"City of Avondale","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.15333333333333332},{"context":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","label":"Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.06333333333333332}],"measurements":[{"value":4.6,"low":1.7,"high":4.6,"kind":"range","display":"1.7–4.6","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:City of Avondale","rawVerbatim":"1.7 - 4.6\n3.1"},{"value":1.9,"low":1.4,"high":1.9,"kind":"range","display":"1.4–1.9","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Delivered Water from City of Phoenix","rawVerbatim":"1.4 - 1.9\nNA"}]}]}}