{"dataset":{"name":"U.S. Drinking Water Quality — Contaminant Measurements","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","homepage":"https://www.thewatermap.com"},"meta":{"generatedAt":"2026-05-25T20:55:03.856Z"},"system":{"slug":"metro__256__chico","name":"Chico","state":"CA","year":2024,"url":"https://www.thewatermap.com/water/ca/chico/2024","apiUrl":"https://www.thewatermap.com/api/water/ca/chico/2024","markdownUrl":"https://www.thewatermap.com/water/ca/chico/2024/llms.txt","coordinates":{"latitude":39.7284945,"longitude":-121.8374777},"contaminantsMeasured":41,"contaminantsWithFederalLimit":28,"contaminantsAtOrAboveLimit":0,"contaminantsApproachingLimit":1,"source":{"type":"Consumer Confidence Report (CCR)","description":"Figures are transcribed from the water utility's own annual Consumer Confidence Report, cross-checked by a second model, and approved by a person before publishing."},"families":[{"family":"disinfectant","familyLabel":"Disinfectants","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"chlorine","name":"Chlorine","family":"disinfectant","familyLabel":"Disinfectants","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A disinfectant added to drinking water to kill bacteria and viruses.","whyItMatters":"Effective and necessary, but high residual levels can cause taste and odor issues; the EPA caps the residual disinfectant level.","measured":{"value":0.59,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.59","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.59"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MRDL","value":4,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.59,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.59","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.59"},{"value":1.1,"low":0,"high":1.1,"kind":"range","display":"0–1.1","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–1.1"}]}]},{"family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"haa5","name":"HAA5","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Haloacetic acids — a group of five disinfection byproducts formed when disinfectants react with organic matter.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit is associated with an increased cancer risk.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Annual Average","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":60,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Annual Average","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"perchlorate","name":"Perchlorate","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":"14797-73-0","whatItIs":"A chemical used in rocket fuel and fireworks that can also form during disinfection.","whyItMatters":"Can interfere with thyroid hormone production; has no national enforceable limit but is regulated in some states.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"NL","value":6,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":1.4,"low":0,"high":1.4,"kind":"range","display":"0–1.4","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–1.4"}]},{"analyteId":"tthm","name":"TTHM","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Total trihalomethanes — a group of four chemicals (including chloroform) formed when chlorine reacts with natural organic matter.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit is linked to liver, kidney, and central-nervous-system effects and increased cancer risk.","measured":{"value":1.5,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.5","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Annual Average","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.5"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":80,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":3.1,"low":0,"high":3.1,"kind":"range","display":"0–3.1","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–3.1"},{"value":1.5,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.5","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Annual Average","rawVerbatim":"1.5"}]}]},{"family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"chloride","name":"Chloride","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"16887-00-6","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring salt compound.","whyItMatters":"Regulated only as a secondary (cosmetic) standard; high levels cause a salty taste and can corrode pipes.","measured":{"value":11,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"11","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"11"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":500,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":11,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"11","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"11"},{"value":56,"low":2,"high":56,"kind":"range","display":"2–56","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"2.0–56"}]},{"analyteId":"fluoride","name":"Fluoride","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"16984-48-8","whatItIs":"A mineral often added to drinking water to help prevent tooth decay.","whyItMatters":"Beneficial at low levels, but long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause bone disease and tooth mottling.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":2,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.12,"low":0,"high":0.12,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.12","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–0.12"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"nitrate","name":"Nitrate","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"14797-55-8","whatItIs":"A compound from fertilizer runoff, septic systems, and erosion of natural deposits.","whyItMatters":"Levels above the federal limit can cause 'blue baby syndrome,' a serious oxygen-transport condition in infants.","measured":{"value":1.7,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.7","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.7"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":10,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":1.7,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.7","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"1.7"},{"value":5.5,"low":0,"high":5.5,"kind":"range","display":"0–5.5","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–5.5"}]},{"analyteId":"sulfate","name":"Sulfate","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"14808-79-8","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring mineral from rock and soil.","whyItMatters":"No health-based federal limit; high levels can have a laxative effect and a bitter taste.","measured":{"value":6.2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"6.2","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"6.2"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":500,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":19,"low":1.4,"high":19,"kind":"range","display":"1.4–19","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"1.4–19"},{"value":6.2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"6.2","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"6.2"}]}]},{"family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"aluminum","name":"Aluminum","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7429-90-5","whatItIs":"A common element sometimes used as a treatment coagulant.","whyItMatters":"Regulated only as a secondary (cosmetic) standard; high levels can discolor water.","measured":{"value":1.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.1","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.1"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":200,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":54,"low":0,"high":54,"kind":"range","display":"0–54","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–54"},{"value":1.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.1","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"1.1"}]},{"analyteId":"arsenic","name":"Arsenic","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-38-2","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring element that also enters water from industry and agriculture.","whyItMatters":"A known human carcinogen; long-term exposure is linked to skin, bladder, and lung cancer.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":10,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":2.2,"low":0,"high":2.2,"kind":"range","display":"0–2.2","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–2.2"}]},{"analyteId":"calcium","name":"Calcium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-70-2","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring mineral that contributes to water hardness.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; affects scaling and taste.","measured":{"value":24,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"24","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"24"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":59,"low":16,"high":59,"kind":"range","display":"16–59","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"16–59"},{"value":24,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"24","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"24"}]},{"analyteId":"chromium_hex","name":"Chromium, Hexavalent","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"18540-29-9","whatItIs":"Hexavalent chromium ('chromium-6') — the more toxic form of chromium.","whyItMatters":"A known carcinogen by inhalation; regulated nationally only within the total-chromium limit, with stricter limits in some states.","measured":{"value":2.5,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.5","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"2.5"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":10,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":7.2,"low":0.53,"high":7.2,"kind":"range","display":"0.53–7.2","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.53–7.2"},{"value":2.5,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.5","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"2.5"}]},{"analyteId":"chromium_total","name":"Chromium, Total","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-47-3","whatItIs":"Total chromium — the sum of all chromium forms, from natural deposits and industrial discharge.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause allergic dermatitis; includes hexavalent chromium.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":50,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":10,"low":0,"high":10,"kind":"range","display":"0–10","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–10"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"copper","name":"Copper","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-50-8","whatItIs":"A metal that enters water from corroding household plumbing.","whyItMatters":"Short-term exposure causes stomach distress; long-term exposure can damage the liver and kidneys.","measured":{"value":0.18,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.18","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.18"},"federalStandard":{"type":"AL","value":1.3,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.18,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.18","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","rawVerbatim":"0.18"}]},{"analyteId":"iron","name":"Iron","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-89-6","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring metal common in groundwater.","whyItMatters":"Regulated only as a secondary (cosmetic) standard; causes rusty color, staining, and metallic taste.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":300,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":250,"low":0,"high":250,"kind":"range","display":"0–250","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–250"}]},{"analyteId":"lead","name":"Lead","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-92-1","whatItIs":"A toxic metal that leaches into water from old service lines, solder, and plumbing fixtures.","whyItMatters":"There is no safe level of lead; it harms brain development in children and raises blood pressure in adults. The EPA sets an action level, not a health goal above zero.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"AL","value":15,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"lithium","name":"Lithium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-93-2","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring element found in some groundwater.","whyItMatters":"No enforceable federal limit; on the EPA contaminant candidate list for further study.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":9.4,"low":0,"high":9.4,"kind":"range","display":"0–9.4","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–9.4"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"magnesium","name":"Magnesium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-95-4","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring mineral that contributes to water hardness.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; affects scaling and taste.","measured":{"value":15,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"15","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"15"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":15,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"15","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"15"},{"value":37,"low":11,"high":37,"kind":"range","display":"11–37","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"11–37"}]},{"analyteId":"potassium","name":"Potassium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-09-7","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring mineral from rock and soil.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health.","measured":{"value":0.55,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.55","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.55"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.55,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.55","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"0.55"},{"value":4.2,"low":0,"high":4.2,"kind":"range","display":"0–4.2","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–4.2"}]},{"analyteId":"sodium","name":"Sodium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-23-5","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring salt component.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; relevant for people on sodium-restricted diets.","measured":{"value":14,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"14","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"14"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":39,"low":8.2,"high":39,"kind":"range","display":"8.2–39","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"8.2–39"},{"value":14,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"14","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"14"}]},{"analyteId":"vanadium","name":"Vanadium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-62-2","whatItIs":null,"whyItMatters":null,"measured":{"value":14,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"14","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"14"},"federalStandard":{"type":"NL","value":50,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":29,"low":0,"high":29,"kind":"range","display":"0–29","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–29"},{"value":14,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"14","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"14"}]}]},{"family":"microbial","familyLabel":"Microbial","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"ecoli","name":"Escherichia coli (E. coli)","family":"microbial","familyLabel":"Microbial","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Escherichia coli — bacteria found in the gut of humans and animals.","whyItMatters":"Its presence in drinking water indicates fecal contamination and a real risk of waterborne illness.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":null,"statisticType":"max","samplingContext":"plant:Monthly","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":0,"units":null,"enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":null,"statisticType":"max","samplingContext":"plant:Monthly","rawVerbatim":"0"}]}]},{"family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"pfbs","name":"Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"375-73-5","whatItIs":"Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Has no standalone limit but is part of the EPA PFAS Hazard Index that limits PFAS in combination.","measured":{"value":0.75,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.75","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.75"},"federalStandard":{"type":"NL","value":500,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":6.8,"low":0,"high":6.8,"kind":"range","display":"0–6.8","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–6.8"},{"value":0.75,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.75","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"0.75"}]},{"analyteId":"pfhpa","name":"Perfluoroheptanoic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"375-85-9","whatItIs":"Perfluoroheptanoic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Monitored under EPA rules; persistent in the environment.","measured":{"value":0.08,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.08","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.08"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":3.3,"low":0,"high":3.3,"kind":"range","display":"0–3.3","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–3.3"},{"value":0.08,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.08","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"0.08"}]},{"analyteId":"pfhxs","name":"Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"355-46-4","whatItIs":"Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Regulated by the EPA at 10 parts per trillion and included in the PFAS Hazard Index.","measured":{"value":2.9,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.9","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"2.9"},"federalStandard":{"type":"NL","value":3,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"approaching","label":"Approaching the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.9,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.9","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"2.9"},{"value":26,"low":0,"high":26,"kind":"range","display":"0–26","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–26"}]},{"analyteId":"pfhxa","name":"Perfluorohexanoic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"307-24-4","whatItIs":"Perfluorohexanoic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Monitored under EPA rules; persistent and widely detected.","measured":{"value":0.4,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.4","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.40"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":4.8,"low":0,"high":4.8,"kind":"range","display":"0–4.8","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–4.8"},{"value":0.4,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.4","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"0.40"}]},{"analyteId":"pfpes","name":"Perfluoropentanesulfonic acid (PFPeS)","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"2706-91-4","whatItIs":"Perfluoropentanesulfonic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Monitored under EPA rules; persistent in the environment.","measured":{"value":0.12,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.12","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.12"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.12,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.12","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"0.12"},{"value":2.9,"low":0,"high":2.9,"kind":"range","display":"0–2.9","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–2.9"}]},{"analyteId":"pfpea","name":"Perfluoropentanoic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"2706-90-3","whatItIs":"Perfluoropentanoic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Monitored under EPA rules; persistent in the environment.","measured":{"value":0.34,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.34","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.34"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.34,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.34","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"0.34"},{"value":5.1,"low":0,"high":5.1,"kind":"range","display":"0–5.1","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–5.1"}]},{"analyteId":"pfba","name":"PFBA","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"375-22-4","whatItIs":"Perfluorobutanoic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Monitored under EPA rules; persistent in the environment and the human body.","measured":{"value":0.05,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.05","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.05"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.3,"low":0,"high":2.3,"kind":"range","display":"0–2.3","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–2.3"},{"value":0.05,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.05","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"0.05"}]},{"analyteId":"pfoa","name":"PFOA","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"335-67-1","whatItIs":"Perfluorooctanoic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical' once used in nonstick and stain-resistant products.","whyItMatters":"Linked to cancer, liver damage, and immune effects; the EPA set an enforceable limit of 4 parts per trillion.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"NL","value":5.1,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":7.9,"low":0,"high":7.9,"kind":"range","display":"0–7.9","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–7.9"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"pfos","name":"PFOS","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"1763-23-1","whatItIs":"Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical' once used in firefighting foam and coatings.","whyItMatters":"Linked to cancer, thyroid disease, and immune effects; the EPA set an enforceable limit of 4 parts per trillion.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"NL","value":6.5,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":31,"low":0,"high":31,"kind":"range","display":"0–31","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–31"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]}]},{"family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"alkalinity","name":"Alkalinity","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of the water's capacity to neutralize acids.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; relevant to corrosion control and treatment.","measured":{"value":131,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"131","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"131"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":131,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"131","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"131"},{"value":270,"low":98,"high":270,"kind":"range","display":"98–270","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"98–270"}]},{"analyteId":"color","name":"Color","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of visible tint in the water.","whyItMatters":"Regulated only as a secondary (cosmetic) standard.","measured":{"value":1.8,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.8","units":null,"statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.8"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":15,"units":null,"enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":1.8,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.8","units":null,"statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"1.8"},{"value":10,"low":0,"high":10,"kind":"range","display":"0–10","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–10"}]},{"analyteId":"hardness","name":"Hardness","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of dissolved calcium and magnesium minerals.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; affects scaling, soap use, and taste.","measured":{"value":122,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"122","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"122"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":122,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"122","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"122"},{"value":300,"low":84,"high":300,"kind":"range","display":"84–300","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"84–300"}]},{"analyteId":"ph","name":"pH","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of how acidic or basic the water is.","whyItMatters":"Regulated only as a secondary standard; very low or high pH can corrode pipes or affect taste.","measured":{"value":7.4,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"7.4","units":null,"statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"7.4"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":7.4,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"7.4","units":null,"statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"7.4"},{"value":8.3,"low":6.4,"high":8.3,"kind":"range","display":"6.4–8.3","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"6.4–8.3"}]},{"analyteId":"specific_conductance","name":"Specific Conductance","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of how well water conducts electricity, which tracks dissolved mineral content.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; used as a proxy for total dissolved solids.","measured":{"value":296,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"296","units":null,"statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"296"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":1600,"units":null,"enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":650,"low":210,"high":650,"kind":"range","display":"210–650","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"210–650"},{"value":296,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"296","units":null,"statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"296"}]},{"analyteId":"tds","name":"Total Dissolved Solids","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Total dissolved solids — the combined content of all dissolved minerals and salts.","whyItMatters":"Regulated only as a secondary (cosmetic) standard; high levels affect taste and hardness.","measured":{"value":219,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"219","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"219"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":1000,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":420,"low":160,"high":420,"kind":"range","display":"160–420","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"160–420"},{"value":219,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"219","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"219"}]},{"analyteId":"turbidity","name":"Turbidity","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of cloudiness from suspended particles in the water.","whyItMatters":"High turbidity can shelter microbes from disinfection; the EPA enforces it through a treatment-technique standard.","measured":{"value":0.21,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.21","units":"NTU","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.21"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":5,"units":"NTU","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.1,"low":0,"high":2.1,"kind":"range","display":"0–2.1","units":"NTU","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–2.1"},{"value":0.21,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.21","units":"NTU","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.21"}]}]},{"family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"combined_radium","name":"Combined Radium","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Combined radium-226 and radium-228 — naturally occurring radioactive elements.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit increases the risk of bone cancer.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"PHG","value":0.019,"units":"pCi/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.6,"low":0,"high":2.6,"kind":"range","display":"0–2.6","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–2.6"},{"value":4,"low":0,"high":4,"kind":"range","display":"0–4","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–4.0"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"gross_alpha","name":"Gross Alpha","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Gross alpha particle activity — a combined measure of alpha-emitting radioactive substances.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit increases cancer risk.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":15,"units":"pCi/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":5.2,"low":0,"high":5.2,"kind":"range","display":"0–5.2","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–5.2"}]}]},{"family":"voc_pesticide","familyLabel":"VOCs & pesticides","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"tetrachloroethylene","name":"Tetrachloroethylene","family":"voc_pesticide","familyLabel":"VOCs & pesticides","casrn":"127-18-4","whatItIs":"An industrial solvent (PCE) used in dry cleaning and degreasing.","whyItMatters":"A likely human carcinogen; long-term exposure above the federal limit can damage the liver and kidneys.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":5,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":2.3,"low":0,"high":2.3,"kind":"range","display":"0–2.3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–2.3"}]}]}],"contaminants":[{"analyteId":"chlorine","name":"Chlorine","family":"disinfectant","familyLabel":"Disinfectants","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A disinfectant added to drinking water to kill bacteria and viruses.","whyItMatters":"Effective and necessary, but high residual levels can cause taste and odor issues; the EPA caps the residual disinfectant level.","measured":{"value":0.59,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.59","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.59"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MRDL","value":4,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.59,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.59","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.59"},{"value":1.1,"low":0,"high":1.1,"kind":"range","display":"0–1.1","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–1.1"}]},{"analyteId":"haa5","name":"HAA5","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Haloacetic acids — a group of five disinfection byproducts formed when disinfectants react with organic matter.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit is associated with an increased cancer risk.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Annual Average","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":60,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Annual Average","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"perchlorate","name":"Perchlorate","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":"14797-73-0","whatItIs":"A chemical used in rocket fuel and fireworks that can also form during disinfection.","whyItMatters":"Can interfere with thyroid hormone production; has no national enforceable limit but is regulated in some states.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"NL","value":6,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":1.4,"low":0,"high":1.4,"kind":"range","display":"0–1.4","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–1.4"}]},{"analyteId":"tthm","name":"TTHM","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Total trihalomethanes — a group of four chemicals (including chloroform) formed when chlorine reacts with natural organic matter.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit is linked to liver, kidney, and central-nervous-system effects and increased cancer risk.","measured":{"value":1.5,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.5","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Annual Average","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.5"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":80,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":3.1,"low":0,"high":3.1,"kind":"range","display":"0–3.1","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–3.1"},{"value":1.5,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.5","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Annual Average","rawVerbatim":"1.5"}]},{"analyteId":"chloride","name":"Chloride","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"16887-00-6","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring salt compound.","whyItMatters":"Regulated only as a secondary (cosmetic) standard; high levels cause a salty taste and can corrode pipes.","measured":{"value":11,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"11","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"11"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":500,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":11,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"11","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"11"},{"value":56,"low":2,"high":56,"kind":"range","display":"2–56","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"2.0–56"}]},{"analyteId":"fluoride","name":"Fluoride","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"16984-48-8","whatItIs":"A mineral often added to drinking water to help prevent tooth decay.","whyItMatters":"Beneficial at low levels, but long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause bone disease and tooth mottling.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":2,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.12,"low":0,"high":0.12,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.12","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–0.12"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"nitrate","name":"Nitrate","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"14797-55-8","whatItIs":"A compound from fertilizer runoff, septic systems, and erosion of natural deposits.","whyItMatters":"Levels above the federal limit can cause 'blue baby syndrome,' a serious oxygen-transport condition in infants.","measured":{"value":1.7,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.7","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.7"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":10,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":1.7,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.7","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"1.7"},{"value":5.5,"low":0,"high":5.5,"kind":"range","display":"0–5.5","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–5.5"}]},{"analyteId":"sulfate","name":"Sulfate","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"14808-79-8","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring mineral from rock and soil.","whyItMatters":"No health-based federal limit; high levels can have a laxative effect and a bitter taste.","measured":{"value":6.2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"6.2","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"6.2"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":500,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":19,"low":1.4,"high":19,"kind":"range","display":"1.4–19","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"1.4–19"},{"value":6.2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"6.2","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"6.2"}]},{"analyteId":"aluminum","name":"Aluminum","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7429-90-5","whatItIs":"A common element sometimes used as a treatment coagulant.","whyItMatters":"Regulated only as a secondary (cosmetic) standard; high levels can discolor water.","measured":{"value":1.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.1","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.1"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":200,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":54,"low":0,"high":54,"kind":"range","display":"0–54","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–54"},{"value":1.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.1","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"1.1"}]},{"analyteId":"arsenic","name":"Arsenic","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-38-2","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring element that also enters water from industry and agriculture.","whyItMatters":"A known human carcinogen; long-term exposure is linked to skin, bladder, and lung cancer.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":10,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":2.2,"low":0,"high":2.2,"kind":"range","display":"0–2.2","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–2.2"}]},{"analyteId":"calcium","name":"Calcium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-70-2","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring mineral that contributes to water hardness.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; affects scaling and taste.","measured":{"value":24,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"24","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"24"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":59,"low":16,"high":59,"kind":"range","display":"16–59","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"16–59"},{"value":24,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"24","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"24"}]},{"analyteId":"chromium_hex","name":"Chromium, Hexavalent","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"18540-29-9","whatItIs":"Hexavalent chromium ('chromium-6') — the more toxic form of chromium.","whyItMatters":"A known carcinogen by inhalation; regulated nationally only within the total-chromium limit, with stricter limits in some states.","measured":{"value":2.5,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.5","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"2.5"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":10,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":7.2,"low":0.53,"high":7.2,"kind":"range","display":"0.53–7.2","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.53–7.2"},{"value":2.5,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.5","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"2.5"}]},{"analyteId":"chromium_total","name":"Chromium, Total","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-47-3","whatItIs":"Total chromium — the sum of all chromium forms, from natural deposits and industrial discharge.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause allergic dermatitis; includes hexavalent chromium.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":50,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":10,"low":0,"high":10,"kind":"range","display":"0–10","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–10"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"copper","name":"Copper","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-50-8","whatItIs":"A metal that enters water from corroding household plumbing.","whyItMatters":"Short-term exposure causes stomach distress; long-term exposure can damage the liver and kidneys.","measured":{"value":0.18,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.18","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.18"},"federalStandard":{"type":"AL","value":1.3,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.18,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.18","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","rawVerbatim":"0.18"}]},{"analyteId":"iron","name":"Iron","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-89-6","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring metal common in groundwater.","whyItMatters":"Regulated only as a secondary (cosmetic) standard; causes rusty color, staining, and metallic taste.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":300,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":250,"low":0,"high":250,"kind":"range","display":"0–250","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–250"}]},{"analyteId":"lead","name":"Lead","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-92-1","whatItIs":"A toxic metal that leaches into water from old service lines, solder, and plumbing fixtures.","whyItMatters":"There is no safe level of lead; it harms brain development in children and raises blood pressure in adults. The EPA sets an action level, not a health goal above zero.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"AL","value":15,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"lithium","name":"Lithium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-93-2","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring element found in some groundwater.","whyItMatters":"No enforceable federal limit; on the EPA contaminant candidate list for further study.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":9.4,"low":0,"high":9.4,"kind":"range","display":"0–9.4","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–9.4"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"magnesium","name":"Magnesium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-95-4","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring mineral that contributes to water hardness.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; affects scaling and taste.","measured":{"value":15,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"15","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"15"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":15,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"15","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"15"},{"value":37,"low":11,"high":37,"kind":"range","display":"11–37","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"11–37"}]},{"analyteId":"potassium","name":"Potassium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-09-7","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring mineral from rock and soil.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health.","measured":{"value":0.55,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.55","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.55"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.55,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.55","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"0.55"},{"value":4.2,"low":0,"high":4.2,"kind":"range","display":"0–4.2","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–4.2"}]},{"analyteId":"sodium","name":"Sodium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-23-5","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring salt component.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; relevant for people on sodium-restricted diets.","measured":{"value":14,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"14","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"14"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":39,"low":8.2,"high":39,"kind":"range","display":"8.2–39","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"8.2–39"},{"value":14,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"14","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"14"}]},{"analyteId":"vanadium","name":"Vanadium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-62-2","whatItIs":null,"whyItMatters":null,"measured":{"value":14,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"14","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"14"},"federalStandard":{"type":"NL","value":50,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":29,"low":0,"high":29,"kind":"range","display":"0–29","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–29"},{"value":14,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"14","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"14"}]},{"analyteId":"ecoli","name":"Escherichia coli (E. coli)","family":"microbial","familyLabel":"Microbial","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Escherichia coli — bacteria found in the gut of humans and animals.","whyItMatters":"Its presence in drinking water indicates fecal contamination and a real risk of waterborne illness.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":null,"statisticType":"max","samplingContext":"plant:Monthly","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":0,"units":null,"enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":null,"statisticType":"max","samplingContext":"plant:Monthly","rawVerbatim":"0"}]},{"analyteId":"pfbs","name":"Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"375-73-5","whatItIs":"Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Has no standalone limit but is part of the EPA PFAS Hazard Index that limits PFAS in combination.","measured":{"value":0.75,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.75","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.75"},"federalStandard":{"type":"NL","value":500,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":6.8,"low":0,"high":6.8,"kind":"range","display":"0–6.8","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–6.8"},{"value":0.75,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.75","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"0.75"}]},{"analyteId":"pfhpa","name":"Perfluoroheptanoic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"375-85-9","whatItIs":"Perfluoroheptanoic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Monitored under EPA rules; persistent in the environment.","measured":{"value":0.08,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.08","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.08"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":3.3,"low":0,"high":3.3,"kind":"range","display":"0–3.3","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–3.3"},{"value":0.08,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.08","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"0.08"}]},{"analyteId":"pfhxs","name":"Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"355-46-4","whatItIs":"Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Regulated by the EPA at 10 parts per trillion and included in the PFAS Hazard Index.","measured":{"value":2.9,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.9","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"2.9"},"federalStandard":{"type":"NL","value":3,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"approaching","label":"Approaching the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.9,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.9","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"2.9"},{"value":26,"low":0,"high":26,"kind":"range","display":"0–26","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–26"}]},{"analyteId":"pfhxa","name":"Perfluorohexanoic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"307-24-4","whatItIs":"Perfluorohexanoic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Monitored under EPA rules; persistent and widely detected.","measured":{"value":0.4,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.4","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.40"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":4.8,"low":0,"high":4.8,"kind":"range","display":"0–4.8","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–4.8"},{"value":0.4,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.4","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"0.40"}]},{"analyteId":"pfpes","name":"Perfluoropentanesulfonic acid (PFPeS)","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"2706-91-4","whatItIs":"Perfluoropentanesulfonic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Monitored under EPA rules; persistent in the environment.","measured":{"value":0.12,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.12","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.12"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.12,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.12","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"0.12"},{"value":2.9,"low":0,"high":2.9,"kind":"range","display":"0–2.9","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–2.9"}]},{"analyteId":"pfpea","name":"Perfluoropentanoic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"2706-90-3","whatItIs":"Perfluoropentanoic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Monitored under EPA rules; persistent in the environment.","measured":{"value":0.34,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.34","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.34"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.34,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.34","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"0.34"},{"value":5.1,"low":0,"high":5.1,"kind":"range","display":"0–5.1","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–5.1"}]},{"analyteId":"pfba","name":"PFBA","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"375-22-4","whatItIs":"Perfluorobutanoic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Monitored under EPA rules; persistent in the environment and the human body.","measured":{"value":0.05,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.05","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.05"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.3,"low":0,"high":2.3,"kind":"range","display":"0–2.3","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–2.3"},{"value":0.05,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.05","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"0.05"}]},{"analyteId":"pfoa","name":"PFOA","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"335-67-1","whatItIs":"Perfluorooctanoic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical' once used in nonstick and stain-resistant products.","whyItMatters":"Linked to cancer, liver damage, and immune effects; the EPA set an enforceable limit of 4 parts per trillion.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"NL","value":5.1,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":7.9,"low":0,"high":7.9,"kind":"range","display":"0–7.9","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–7.9"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"pfos","name":"PFOS","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"1763-23-1","whatItIs":"Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical' once used in firefighting foam and coatings.","whyItMatters":"Linked to cancer, thyroid disease, and immune effects; the EPA set an enforceable limit of 4 parts per trillion.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"NL","value":6.5,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":31,"low":0,"high":31,"kind":"range","display":"0–31","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–31"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"alkalinity","name":"Alkalinity","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of the water's capacity to neutralize acids.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; relevant to corrosion control and treatment.","measured":{"value":131,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"131","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"131"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":131,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"131","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"131"},{"value":270,"low":98,"high":270,"kind":"range","display":"98–270","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"98–270"}]},{"analyteId":"color","name":"Color","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of visible tint in the water.","whyItMatters":"Regulated only as a secondary (cosmetic) standard.","measured":{"value":1.8,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.8","units":null,"statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.8"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":15,"units":null,"enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":1.8,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.8","units":null,"statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"1.8"},{"value":10,"low":0,"high":10,"kind":"range","display":"0–10","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–10"}]},{"analyteId":"hardness","name":"Hardness","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of dissolved calcium and magnesium minerals.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; affects scaling, soap use, and taste.","measured":{"value":122,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"122","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"122"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":122,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"122","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"122"},{"value":300,"low":84,"high":300,"kind":"range","display":"84–300","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"84–300"}]},{"analyteId":"ph","name":"pH","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of how acidic or basic the water is.","whyItMatters":"Regulated only as a secondary standard; very low or high pH can corrode pipes or affect taste.","measured":{"value":7.4,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"7.4","units":null,"statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"7.4"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":7.4,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"7.4","units":null,"statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"7.4"},{"value":8.3,"low":6.4,"high":8.3,"kind":"range","display":"6.4–8.3","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"6.4–8.3"}]},{"analyteId":"specific_conductance","name":"Specific Conductance","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of how well water conducts electricity, which tracks dissolved mineral content.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; used as a proxy for total dissolved solids.","measured":{"value":296,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"296","units":null,"statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"296"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":1600,"units":null,"enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":650,"low":210,"high":650,"kind":"range","display":"210–650","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"210–650"},{"value":296,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"296","units":null,"statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"296"}]},{"analyteId":"tds","name":"Total Dissolved Solids","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Total dissolved solids — the combined content of all dissolved minerals and salts.","whyItMatters":"Regulated only as a secondary (cosmetic) standard; high levels affect taste and hardness.","measured":{"value":219,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"219","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"219"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":1000,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":420,"low":160,"high":420,"kind":"range","display":"160–420","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"160–420"},{"value":219,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"219","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"219"}]},{"analyteId":"turbidity","name":"Turbidity","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of cloudiness from suspended particles in the water.","whyItMatters":"High turbidity can shelter microbes from disinfection; the EPA enforces it through a treatment-technique standard.","measured":{"value":0.21,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.21","units":"NTU","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.21"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":5,"units":"NTU","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.1,"low":0,"high":2.1,"kind":"range","display":"0–2.1","units":"NTU","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–2.1"},{"value":0.21,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.21","units":"NTU","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.21"}]},{"analyteId":"combined_radium","name":"Combined Radium","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Combined radium-226 and radium-228 — naturally occurring radioactive elements.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit increases the risk of bone cancer.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"PHG","value":0.019,"units":"pCi/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.6,"low":0,"high":2.6,"kind":"range","display":"0–2.6","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–2.6"},{"value":4,"low":0,"high":4,"kind":"range","display":"0–4","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–4.0"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"gross_alpha","name":"Gross Alpha","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Gross alpha particle activity — a combined measure of alpha-emitting radioactive substances.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit increases cancer risk.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":15,"units":"pCi/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":5.2,"low":0,"high":5.2,"kind":"range","display":"0–5.2","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–5.2"}]},{"analyteId":"tetrachloroethylene","name":"Tetrachloroethylene","family":"voc_pesticide","familyLabel":"VOCs & pesticides","casrn":"127-18-4","whatItIs":"An industrial solvent (PCE) used in dry cleaning and degreasing.","whyItMatters":"A likely human carcinogen; long-term exposure above the federal limit can damage the liver and kidneys.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":5,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":2.3,"low":0,"high":2.3,"kind":"range","display":"0–2.3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–2.3"}]}]}}