{"dataset":{"name":"U.S. Drinking Water Quality — Contaminant Measurements","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","homepage":"https://www.thewatermap.com"},"meta":{"generatedAt":"2026-06-04T01:38:20.306Z"},"system":{"slug":"ca__cws-selma__CA1010024","name":"Cws - Selma — San Jose, Ca","state":"CA","year":2023,"url":"https://www.thewatermap.com/water/ca/cws-selma-san-jose-ca/2023","apiUrl":"https://www.thewatermap.com/api/water/ca/cws-selma-san-jose-ca/2023","markdownUrl":"https://www.thewatermap.com/water/ca/cws-selma-san-jose-ca/2023/llms.txt","coordinates":{"latitude":37.3361663,"longitude":-121.890591},"contaminantsMeasured":21,"contaminantsWithFederalLimit":7,"contaminantsAtOrAboveLimit":0,"contaminantsApproachingLimit":0,"source":{"type":"Consumer Confidence Report (CCR)","description":"Figures are transcribed from the water utility's own annual Consumer Confidence Report, cross-checked by a second model, and approved by a person before publishing."},"families":[{"family":"disinfectant","familyLabel":"Disinfectants","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"chlorine","name":"Chlorine","family":"disinfectant","familyLabel":"Disinfectants","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A disinfectant added to drinking water to kill bacteria and viruses.","whyItMatters":"Effective and necessary, but high residual levels can cause taste and odor issues; the EPA caps the residual disinfectant level.","measured":{"value":1.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.1","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:Distribution System-Wide","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.1"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":1.8,"low":0,"high":1.8,"kind":"range","display":"0–1.8","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Distribution System-Wide","rawVerbatim":"ND–1.8"},{"value":1.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.1","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:Distribution System-Wide","rawVerbatim":"1.1"}]}]},{"family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"haa5","name":"HAA5","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Haloacetic acids — a group of five disinfection byproducts formed when disinfectants react with organic matter.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit is associated with an increased cancer risk.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:Distribution System-Wide Highest Annual","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:Distribution System-Wide Highest Annual","label":"Distribution System-Wide Highest Annual","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":{"value":0,"display":"Not detected"},"range":null,"ratio":0},{"context":"zone:Distribution System-Wide","label":"Distribution System-Wide","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":{"low":null,"high":null,"display":"Not detected"},"ratio":0}],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:Distribution System-Wide Highest Annual","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Distribution System-Wide","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"tthm","name":"TTHM","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Total trihalomethanes — a group of four chemicals (including chloroform) formed when chlorine reacts with natural organic matter.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit is linked to liver, kidney, and central-nervous-system effects and increased cancer risk.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:Distribution System-Wide Highest Annual","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:Distribution System-Wide Highest Annual","label":"Distribution System-Wide Highest Annual","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":{"value":0,"display":"Not detected"},"range":null,"ratio":0},{"context":"zone:Distribution System-Wide","label":"Distribution System-Wide","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":{"low":null,"high":null,"display":"Not detected"},"ratio":0}],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:Distribution System-Wide Highest Annual","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Distribution System-Wide","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]}]},{"family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"fluoride","name":"Fluoride","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"16984-48-8","whatItIs":"A mineral often added to drinking water to help prevent tooth decay.","whyItMatters":"Beneficial at low levels, but long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause bone disease and tooth mottling.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.12,"low":0,"high":0.12,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.12","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–0.12"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"nitrate","name":"Nitrate","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"14797-55-8","whatItIs":"A compound from fertilizer runoff, septic systems, and erosion of natural deposits.","whyItMatters":"Levels above the federal limit can cause 'blue baby syndrome,' a serious oxygen-transport condition in infants.","measured":{"value":2.6,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.6","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"2.6"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":10,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":4.7,"low":0.62,"high":4.7,"kind":"range","display":"0.62–4.7","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.62–4.7"},{"value":2.6,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.6","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"2.6"}]}]},{"family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"arsenic","name":"Arsenic","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-38-2","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring element that also enters water from industry and agriculture.","whyItMatters":"A known human carcinogen; long-term exposure is linked to skin, bladder, and lung cancer.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":3.7,"low":0,"high":3.7,"kind":"range","display":"0–3.7","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–3.7"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"calcium","name":"Calcium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-70-2","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring mineral that contributes to water hardness.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; affects scaling and taste.","measured":{"value":19,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"19","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"19"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":47,"low":6.9,"high":47,"kind":"range","display":"6.9–47","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"6.9–47"},{"value":19,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"19","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"19"}]},{"analyteId":"chromium_hex","name":"Chromium, Hexavalent","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"18540-29-9","whatItIs":"Hexavalent chromium ('chromium-6') — the more toxic form of chromium.","whyItMatters":"A known carcinogen by inhalation; regulated nationally only within the total-chromium limit, with stricter limits in some states.","measured":{"value":1.6,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.6","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.6"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":1.6,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.6","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"1.6"},{"value":2.8,"low":0.88,"high":2.8,"kind":"range","display":"0.88–2.8","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.88–2.8"}]},{"analyteId":"copper","name":"Copper","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-50-8","whatItIs":"A metal that enters water from corroding household plumbing.","whyItMatters":"Short-term exposure causes stomach distress; long-term exposure can damage the liver and kidneys.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"AL","value":1.3,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"lead","name":"Lead","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-92-1","whatItIs":"A toxic metal that leaches into water from old service lines, solder, and plumbing fixtures.","whyItMatters":"There is no safe level of lead; it harms brain development in children and raises blood pressure in adults. The EPA sets an action level, not a health goal above zero.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"magnesium","name":"Magnesium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-95-4","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring mineral that contributes to water hardness.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; affects scaling and taste.","measured":{"value":0.97,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.97","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.97"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.97,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.97","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"0.97"},{"value":5.2,"low":0,"high":5.2,"kind":"range","display":"0–5.2","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–5.2"}]},{"analyteId":"potassium","name":"Potassium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-09-7","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring mineral from rock and soil.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health.","measured":{"value":0.89,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.89","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.89"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":3.1,"low":0,"high":3.1,"kind":"range","display":"0–3.1","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–3.1"},{"value":0.89,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.89","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"0.89"}]},{"analyteId":"sodium","name":"Sodium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-23-5","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring salt component.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; relevant for people on sodium-restricted diets.","measured":{"value":22,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"22","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"22"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":34,"low":16,"high":34,"kind":"range","display":"16–34","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"16–34"},{"value":22,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"22","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"22"}]},{"analyteId":"vanadium","name":"Vanadium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-62-2","whatItIs":null,"whyItMatters":null,"measured":{"value":8.2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"8.2","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"8.2"},"federalStandard":{"type":"NL","value":50,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":8.2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"8.2","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"8.2"},{"value":18,"low":0,"high":18,"kind":"range","display":"0–18","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–18"}]}]},{"family":"microbial","familyLabel":"Microbial","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"total_coliform","name":"Total Coliform","family":"microbial","familyLabel":"Microbial","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A group of bacteria used as an indicator of overall water-system sanitation.","whyItMatters":"Coliforms themselves are usually harmless, but their presence signals that disease-causing organisms could enter the system.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":null,"statisticType":"max","samplingContext":"plant:Monthly","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":null,"statisticType":"max","samplingContext":"plant:Monthly","rawVerbatim":"0"}]}]},{"family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"alkalinity","name":"Alkalinity","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of the water's capacity to neutralize acids.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; relevant to corrosion control and treatment.","measured":{"value":66,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"66","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"66"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":130,"low":42,"high":130,"kind":"range","display":"42–130","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"42–130"},{"value":66,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"66","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"66"}]},{"analyteId":"hardness","name":"Hardness","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of dissolved calcium and magnesium minerals.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; affects scaling, soap use, and taste.","measured":{"value":51,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"51","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"51"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":140,"low":17,"high":140,"kind":"range","display":"17–140","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"17–140"},{"value":51,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"51","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"51"}]},{"analyteId":"ph","name":"pH","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of how acidic or basic the water is.","whyItMatters":"Regulated only as a secondary standard; very low or high pH can corrode pipes or affect taste.","measured":{"value":8.3,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"8.3","units":null,"statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"8.3"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":9.5,"low":6.4,"high":9.5,"kind":"range","display":"6.4–9.5","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"6.4–9.5"},{"value":8.3,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"8.3","units":null,"statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"8.3"}]}]},{"family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"gross_alpha","name":"Gross Alpha","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Gross alpha particle activity — a combined measure of alpha-emitting radioactive substances.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit increases cancer risk.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":15,"units":"pCi/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":13,"low":0,"high":13,"kind":"range","display":"0–13","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–13"}]},{"analyteId":"uranium","name":"Uranium","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":"7440-61-1","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring radioactive metal from erosion of natural deposits.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit can damage the kidneys and increase cancer risk.","measured":{"value":2.7,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.7","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"2.7"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":20,"units":"pCi/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.7,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.7","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"2.7"},{"value":12,"low":0,"high":12,"kind":"range","display":"0–12","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–12"}]}]},{"family":"voc_pesticide","familyLabel":"VOCs & pesticides","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"dbcp","name":"DBCP","family":"voc_pesticide","familyLabel":"VOCs & pesticides","casrn":"96-12-8","whatItIs":"1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane — a banned soil fumigant pesticide.","whyItMatters":"A probable human carcinogen; long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause reproductive harm.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":25,"low":0,"high":25,"kind":"range","display":"0–25","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–25"}]}]}],"contaminants":[{"analyteId":"chlorine","name":"Chlorine","family":"disinfectant","familyLabel":"Disinfectants","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A disinfectant added to drinking water to kill bacteria and viruses.","whyItMatters":"Effective and necessary, but high residual levels can cause taste and odor issues; the EPA caps the residual disinfectant level.","measured":{"value":1.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.1","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:Distribution System-Wide","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.1"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":1.8,"low":0,"high":1.8,"kind":"range","display":"0–1.8","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Distribution System-Wide","rawVerbatim":"ND–1.8"},{"value":1.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.1","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:Distribution System-Wide","rawVerbatim":"1.1"}]},{"analyteId":"haa5","name":"HAA5","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Haloacetic acids — a group of five disinfection byproducts formed when disinfectants react with organic matter.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit is associated with an increased cancer risk.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:Distribution System-Wide Highest Annual","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:Distribution System-Wide Highest Annual","label":"Distribution System-Wide Highest Annual","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":{"value":0,"display":"Not detected"},"range":null,"ratio":0},{"context":"zone:Distribution System-Wide","label":"Distribution System-Wide","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":{"low":null,"high":null,"display":"Not detected"},"ratio":0}],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:Distribution System-Wide Highest Annual","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Distribution System-Wide","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"tthm","name":"TTHM","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Total trihalomethanes — a group of four chemicals (including chloroform) formed when chlorine reacts with natural organic matter.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit is linked to liver, kidney, and central-nervous-system effects and increased cancer risk.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:Distribution System-Wide Highest Annual","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:Distribution System-Wide Highest Annual","label":"Distribution System-Wide Highest Annual","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":{"value":0,"display":"Not detected"},"range":null,"ratio":0},{"context":"zone:Distribution System-Wide","label":"Distribution System-Wide","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":{"low":null,"high":null,"display":"Not detected"},"ratio":0}],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:Distribution System-Wide Highest Annual","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Distribution System-Wide","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"fluoride","name":"Fluoride","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"16984-48-8","whatItIs":"A mineral often added to drinking water to help prevent tooth decay.","whyItMatters":"Beneficial at low levels, but long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause bone disease and tooth mottling.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.12,"low":0,"high":0.12,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.12","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–0.12"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"nitrate","name":"Nitrate","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"14797-55-8","whatItIs":"A compound from fertilizer runoff, septic systems, and erosion of natural deposits.","whyItMatters":"Levels above the federal limit can cause 'blue baby syndrome,' a serious oxygen-transport condition in infants.","measured":{"value":2.6,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.6","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"2.6"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":10,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":4.7,"low":0.62,"high":4.7,"kind":"range","display":"0.62–4.7","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.62–4.7"},{"value":2.6,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.6","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"2.6"}]},{"analyteId":"arsenic","name":"Arsenic","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-38-2","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring element that also enters water from industry and agriculture.","whyItMatters":"A known human carcinogen; long-term exposure is linked to skin, bladder, and lung cancer.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":3.7,"low":0,"high":3.7,"kind":"range","display":"0–3.7","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–3.7"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"calcium","name":"Calcium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-70-2","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring mineral that contributes to water hardness.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; affects scaling and taste.","measured":{"value":19,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"19","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"19"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":47,"low":6.9,"high":47,"kind":"range","display":"6.9–47","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"6.9–47"},{"value":19,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"19","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"19"}]},{"analyteId":"chromium_hex","name":"Chromium, Hexavalent","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"18540-29-9","whatItIs":"Hexavalent chromium ('chromium-6') — the more toxic form of chromium.","whyItMatters":"A known carcinogen by inhalation; regulated nationally only within the total-chromium limit, with stricter limits in some states.","measured":{"value":1.6,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.6","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.6"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":1.6,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.6","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"1.6"},{"value":2.8,"low":0.88,"high":2.8,"kind":"range","display":"0.88–2.8","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.88–2.8"}]},{"analyteId":"copper","name":"Copper","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-50-8","whatItIs":"A metal that enters water from corroding household plumbing.","whyItMatters":"Short-term exposure causes stomach distress; long-term exposure can damage the liver and kidneys.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"AL","value":1.3,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"lead","name":"Lead","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-92-1","whatItIs":"A toxic metal that leaches into water from old service lines, solder, and plumbing fixtures.","whyItMatters":"There is no safe level of lead; it harms brain development in children and raises blood pressure in adults. The EPA sets an action level, not a health goal above zero.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"magnesium","name":"Magnesium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-95-4","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring mineral that contributes to water hardness.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; affects scaling and taste.","measured":{"value":0.97,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.97","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.97"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.97,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.97","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"0.97"},{"value":5.2,"low":0,"high":5.2,"kind":"range","display":"0–5.2","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–5.2"}]},{"analyteId":"potassium","name":"Potassium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-09-7","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring mineral from rock and soil.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health.","measured":{"value":0.89,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.89","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.89"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":3.1,"low":0,"high":3.1,"kind":"range","display":"0–3.1","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–3.1"},{"value":0.89,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.89","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"0.89"}]},{"analyteId":"sodium","name":"Sodium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-23-5","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring salt component.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; relevant for people on sodium-restricted diets.","measured":{"value":22,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"22","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"22"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":34,"low":16,"high":34,"kind":"range","display":"16–34","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"16–34"},{"value":22,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"22","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"22"}]},{"analyteId":"vanadium","name":"Vanadium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-62-2","whatItIs":null,"whyItMatters":null,"measured":{"value":8.2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"8.2","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"8.2"},"federalStandard":{"type":"NL","value":50,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":8.2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"8.2","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"8.2"},{"value":18,"low":0,"high":18,"kind":"range","display":"0–18","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"ND–18"}]},{"analyteId":"total_coliform","name":"Total Coliform","family":"microbial","familyLabel":"Microbial","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A group of bacteria used as an indicator of overall water-system sanitation.","whyItMatters":"Coliforms themselves are usually harmless, but their presence signals that disease-causing organisms could enter the system.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":null,"statisticType":"max","samplingContext":"plant:Monthly","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":null,"statisticType":"max","samplingContext":"plant:Monthly","rawVerbatim":"0"}]},{"analyteId":"alkalinity","name":"Alkalinity","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of the water's capacity to neutralize acids.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; relevant to corrosion control and treatment.","measured":{"value":66,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"66","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"66"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":130,"low":42,"high":130,"kind":"range","display":"42–130","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"42–130"},{"value":66,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"66","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"66"}]},{"analyteId":"hardness","name":"Hardness","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of dissolved calcium and magnesium minerals.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; affects scaling, soap use, and taste.","measured":{"value":51,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"51","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"51"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":140,"low":17,"high":140,"kind":"range","display":"17–140","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"17–140"},{"value":51,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"51","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"51"}]},{"analyteId":"ph","name":"pH","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of how acidic or basic the water is.","whyItMatters":"Regulated only as a secondary standard; very low or high pH can corrode pipes or affect taste.","measured":{"value":8.3,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"8.3","units":null,"statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"8.3"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":9.5,"low":6.4,"high":9.5,"kind":"range","display":"6.4–9.5","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"6.4–9.5"},{"value":8.3,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"8.3","units":null,"statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Groundwater","rawVerbatim":"8.3"}]},{"analyteId":"gross_alpha","name":"Gross Alpha","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Gross alpha particle activity — a combined measure of alpha-emitting radioactive substances.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit increases cancer risk.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":15,"units":"pCi/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":13,"low":0,"high":13,"kind":"range","display":"0–13","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–13"}]},{"analyteId":"uranium","name":"Uranium","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":"7440-61-1","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring radioactive metal from erosion of natural deposits.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit can damage the kidneys and increase cancer risk.","measured":{"value":2.7,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.7","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"2.7"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":20,"units":"pCi/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.7,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.7","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"2.7"},{"value":12,"low":0,"high":12,"kind":"range","display":"0–12","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–12"}]},{"analyteId":"dbcp","name":"DBCP","family":"voc_pesticide","familyLabel":"VOCs & pesticides","casrn":"96-12-8","whatItIs":"1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane — a banned soil fumigant pesticide.","whyItMatters":"A probable human carcinogen; long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause reproductive harm.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":25,"low":0,"high":25,"kind":"range","display":"0–25","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"ND–25"}]}]}}