{"dataset":{"name":"U.S. Drinking Water Quality — Contaminant Measurements","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","homepage":"https://www.thewatermap.com"},"meta":{"generatedAt":"2026-06-04T01:21:00.884Z"},"system":{"slug":"ca__city-of-redding__CA4510005","name":"City of Redding — Redding, Ca","state":"CA","year":2023,"url":"https://www.thewatermap.com/water/ca/redding-redding-ca/2023","apiUrl":"https://www.thewatermap.com/api/water/ca/redding-redding-ca/2023","markdownUrl":"https://www.thewatermap.com/water/ca/redding-redding-ca/2023/llms.txt","coordinates":{"latitude":40.5863563,"longitude":-122.391675},"contaminantsMeasured":17,"contaminantsWithFederalLimit":8,"contaminantsAtOrAboveLimit":3,"contaminantsApproachingLimit":0,"source":{"type":"Consumer Confidence Report (CCR)","description":"Figures are transcribed from the water utility's own annual Consumer Confidence Report, cross-checked by a second model, and approved by a person before publishing."},"families":[{"family":"disinfectant","familyLabel":"Disinfectants","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"chlorine","name":"Chlorine","family":"disinfectant","familyLabel":"Disinfectants","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A disinfectant added to drinking water to kill bacteria and viruses.","whyItMatters":"Effective and necessary, but high residual levels can cause taste and odor issues; the EPA caps the residual disinfectant level.","measured":{"value":0.89,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.89","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.89"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.89,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.89","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.89"},{"value":1.35,"low":0.05,"high":1.35,"kind":"range","display":"0.05–1.35","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.05-1.35"}]}]},{"family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"haa5","name":"HAA5","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Haloacetic acids — a group of five disinfection byproducts formed when disinfectants react with organic matter.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit is associated with an increased cancer risk.","measured":{"value":25.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"25.1","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"25.1"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":45,"low":0,"high":45,"kind":"range","display":"0–45","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0-45.0"},{"value":25.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"25.1","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"25.1"}]}]},{"family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"nitrate","name":"Nitrate","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"14797-55-8","whatItIs":"A compound from fertilizer runoff, septic systems, and erosion of natural deposits.","whyItMatters":"Levels above the federal limit can cause 'blue baby syndrome,' a serious oxygen-transport condition in infants.","measured":{"value":1.51,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.51","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.51 (GW)"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":10,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":23,"low":4,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"4–23","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"4/27/23- 10/20/23"},{"value":1.51,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.51","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"1.51 (GW)"},{"value":2.73,"low":0,"high":2.73,"kind":"range","display":"0–2.73","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0-2.73 (GW)"}]}]},{"family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"arsenic","name":"Arsenic","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-38-2","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring element that also enters water from industry and agriculture.","whyItMatters":"A known human carcinogen; long-term exposure is linked to skin, bladder, and lung cancer.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0 (SW); 5.54 (GW)"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":9.16,"low":0,"high":9.16,"kind":"range","display":"0–9.16","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0 (SW); 0-9.16 (GW)"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0 (SW); 5.54 (GW)"},{"value":23,"low":2,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"2–23","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"2/1/23-9/29/23"}]},{"analyteId":"barium","name":"Barium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-39-3","whatItIs":"A metal from erosion of natural deposits and industrial discharge.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit can raise blood pressure.","measured":{"value":8,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"8","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"8/10/23"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"over","label":"At or above the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":8,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"8","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"8/10/23"}]},{"analyteId":"copper","name":"Copper","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-50-8","whatItIs":"A metal that enters water from corroding household plumbing.","whyItMatters":"Short-term exposure causes stomach distress; long-term exposure can damage the liver and kidneys.","measured":{"value":247,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"247","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"247 (µg/L)"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":247,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"247","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","rawVerbatim":"247 (µg/L)"}]},{"analyteId":"lead","name":"Lead","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-92-1","whatItIs":"A toxic metal that leaches into water from old service lines, solder, and plumbing fixtures.","whyItMatters":"There is no safe level of lead; it harms brain development in children and raises blood pressure in adults. The EPA sets an action level, not a health goal above zero.","measured":{"value":2.5,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.5","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"2.5 (µg/L)"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.5,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.5","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","rawVerbatim":"2.5 (µg/L)"}]},{"analyteId":"lithium","name":"Lithium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-93-2","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring element found in some groundwater.","whyItMatters":"No enforceable federal limit; on the EPA contaminant candidate list for further study.","measured":{"value":16.5,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"16.5","units":null,"statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"16.5"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":27.8,"low":10.5,"high":27.8,"kind":"range","display":"10.5–27.8","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"10.5-27.8"},{"value":16.5,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"16.5","units":null,"statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"16.5"},{"value":23,"low":3,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"3–23","units":null,"statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"3/7 - 9/12/23"}]}]},{"family":"microbial","familyLabel":"Microbial","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"total_coliform","name":"Total Coliform","family":"microbial","familyLabel":"Microbial","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A group of bacteria used as an indicator of overall water-system sanitation.","whyItMatters":"Coliforms themselves are usually harmless, but their presence signals that disease-causing organisms could enter the system.","measured":{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1","units":null,"statisticType":"max_single","samplingContext":"plant:Highest # of Detections","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCLG","value":0,"units":null,"enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":null,"statisticType":"max_single","samplingContext":"plant:Highest # of Detections","rawVerbatim":"0"},{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1","units":null,"statisticType":"max_single","samplingContext":"plant:Highest # of Detections","rawVerbatim":"1"}]}]},{"family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"pfbs","name":"Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"375-73-5","whatItIs":"Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Has no standalone limit but is part of the EPA PFAS Hazard Index that limits PFAS in combination.","measured":{"value":6,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"6","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"6.0"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":6,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"6","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"6.0"},{"value":2023,"low":6,"high":2023,"kind":"range","display":"6–2023","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"6-7-2023 10-11-2023 12-5-2023"},{"value":3.8,"low":0,"high":3.8,"kind":"range","display":"0–3.8","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0-3.1 0-3.8"},{"value":8.9,"low":3.1,"high":8.9,"kind":"range","display":"3.1–8.9","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"3.1-8.9"},{"value":23,"low":3,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"3–23","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"3/7 - 9/27/23"},{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"1.0 1.2"}]},{"analyteId":"pfhxs","name":"Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"355-46-4","whatItIs":"Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Regulated by the EPA at 10 parts per trillion and included in the PFAS Hazard Index.","measured":{"value":7.3,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"7.3","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"7.3"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":8.9,"low":5.6,"high":8.9,"kind":"range","display":"5.6–8.9","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"5.6-8.9"},{"value":23,"low":3,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"3–23","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"3/7 - 9/27/23"},{"value":7.3,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"7.3","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"7.3"}]},{"analyteId":"pfhxa","name":"Perfluorohexanoic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"307-24-4","whatItIs":"Perfluorohexanoic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Monitored under EPA rules; persistent and widely detected.","measured":{"value":6.2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"6.2","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"6.2"},"federalStandard":{"type":"PHG","value":40,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"1.0"},{"value":23,"low":3,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"3–23","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"3/7 - 9/27/23"},{"value":6.8,"low":5.7,"high":6.8,"kind":"range","display":"5.7–6.8","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"5.7-6.8"},{"value":2023,"low":12,"high":2023,"kind":"range","display":"12–2023","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"12-5-2023"},{"value":3.1,"low":0,"high":3.1,"kind":"range","display":"0–3.1","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0-3.1"},{"value":6.2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"6.2","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"6.2"}]},{"analyteId":"pfoa","name":"PFOA","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"335-67-1","whatItIs":"Perfluorooctanoic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical' once used in nonstick and stain-resistant products.","whyItMatters":"Linked to cancer, liver damage, and immune effects; the EPA set an enforceable limit of 4 parts per trillion.","measured":{"value":14.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"14.1","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"14.1"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"over","label":"At or above the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":23,"low":3,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"3–23","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"3/7 - 9/27/23"},{"value":16.2,"low":12,"high":16.2,"kind":"range","display":"12–16.2","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"12.0-16.2"},{"value":14.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"14.1","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"14.1"}]},{"analyteId":"pfos","name":"PFOS","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"1763-23-1","whatItIs":"Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical' once used in firefighting foam and coatings.","whyItMatters":"Linked to cancer, thyroid disease, and immune effects; the EPA set an enforceable limit of 4 parts per trillion.","measured":{"value":11.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"11.1","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"11.1"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"over","label":"At or above the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":12.6,"low":9.5,"high":12.6,"kind":"range","display":"9.5–12.6","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"9.5-12.6"},{"value":1.3,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.3","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"1.3 3.2"},{"value":2023,"low":6,"high":2023,"kind":"range","display":"6–2023","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"6-7-2023 10-11-2023 12-5-2023"},{"value":11.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"11.1","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"11.1"},{"value":23,"low":3,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"3–23","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"3/7 - 9/27/23"},{"value":5,"low":0,"high":5,"kind":"range","display":"0–5","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0-4 0-5"}]}]},{"family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"toc","name":"TOC","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Total organic carbon — a measure of organic material dissolved in the water.","whyItMatters":"Not harmful itself, but it is the raw material that forms disinfection byproducts; removal is a treatment requirement.","measured":{"value":1.03,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.03","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.03 (SW)"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":1.2,"low":0.82,"high":1.2,"kind":"range","display":"0.82–1.2","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.82-1.2"},{"value":1.03,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.03","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"1.03 (SW)"}]}]},{"family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"combined_radium","name":"Combined Radium","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Combined radium-226 and radium-228 — naturally occurring radioactive elements.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit increases the risk of bone cancer.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0 (GW)"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":5,"units":"pCi/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":23,"low":7,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"7–23","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"7/31/23-12/6/23"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0 (GW)"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0 (GW)"}]},{"analyteId":"gross_alpha","name":"Gross Alpha","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Gross alpha particle activity — a combined measure of alpha-emitting radioactive substances.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit increases cancer risk.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0 (GW)"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":15,"units":"pCi/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":23,"low":7,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"7–23","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"7/31/23- 10/20/23"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0 (GW)"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0 (GW)"}]}]}],"contaminants":[{"analyteId":"chlorine","name":"Chlorine","family":"disinfectant","familyLabel":"Disinfectants","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A disinfectant added to drinking water to kill bacteria and viruses.","whyItMatters":"Effective and necessary, but high residual levels can cause taste and odor issues; the EPA caps the residual disinfectant level.","measured":{"value":0.89,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.89","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.89"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.89,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.89","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.89"},{"value":1.35,"low":0.05,"high":1.35,"kind":"range","display":"0.05–1.35","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.05-1.35"}]},{"analyteId":"haa5","name":"HAA5","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Haloacetic acids — a group of five disinfection byproducts formed when disinfectants react with organic matter.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit is associated with an increased cancer risk.","measured":{"value":25.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"25.1","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"25.1"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":45,"low":0,"high":45,"kind":"range","display":"0–45","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0-45.0"},{"value":25.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"25.1","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"25.1"}]},{"analyteId":"nitrate","name":"Nitrate","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"14797-55-8","whatItIs":"A compound from fertilizer runoff, septic systems, and erosion of natural deposits.","whyItMatters":"Levels above the federal limit can cause 'blue baby syndrome,' a serious oxygen-transport condition in infants.","measured":{"value":1.51,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.51","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.51 (GW)"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":10,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":23,"low":4,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"4–23","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"4/27/23- 10/20/23"},{"value":1.51,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.51","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"1.51 (GW)"},{"value":2.73,"low":0,"high":2.73,"kind":"range","display":"0–2.73","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0-2.73 (GW)"}]},{"analyteId":"arsenic","name":"Arsenic","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-38-2","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring element that also enters water from industry and agriculture.","whyItMatters":"A known human carcinogen; long-term exposure is linked to skin, bladder, and lung cancer.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0 (SW); 5.54 (GW)"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":9.16,"low":0,"high":9.16,"kind":"range","display":"0–9.16","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0 (SW); 0-9.16 (GW)"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0 (SW); 5.54 (GW)"},{"value":23,"low":2,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"2–23","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"2/1/23-9/29/23"}]},{"analyteId":"barium","name":"Barium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-39-3","whatItIs":"A metal from erosion of natural deposits and industrial discharge.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit can raise blood pressure.","measured":{"value":8,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"8","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"8/10/23"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"over","label":"At or above the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":8,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"8","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"8/10/23"}]},{"analyteId":"copper","name":"Copper","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-50-8","whatItIs":"A metal that enters water from corroding household plumbing.","whyItMatters":"Short-term exposure causes stomach distress; long-term exposure can damage the liver and kidneys.","measured":{"value":247,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"247","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"247 (µg/L)"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":247,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"247","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","rawVerbatim":"247 (µg/L)"}]},{"analyteId":"lead","name":"Lead","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-92-1","whatItIs":"A toxic metal that leaches into water from old service lines, solder, and plumbing fixtures.","whyItMatters":"There is no safe level of lead; it harms brain development in children and raises blood pressure in adults. The EPA sets an action level, not a health goal above zero.","measured":{"value":2.5,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.5","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"2.5 (µg/L)"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.5,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.5","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","rawVerbatim":"2.5 (µg/L)"}]},{"analyteId":"lithium","name":"Lithium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-93-2","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring element found in some groundwater.","whyItMatters":"No enforceable federal limit; on the EPA contaminant candidate list for further study.","measured":{"value":16.5,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"16.5","units":null,"statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"16.5"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":27.8,"low":10.5,"high":27.8,"kind":"range","display":"10.5–27.8","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"10.5-27.8"},{"value":16.5,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"16.5","units":null,"statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"16.5"},{"value":23,"low":3,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"3–23","units":null,"statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"3/7 - 9/12/23"}]},{"analyteId":"total_coliform","name":"Total Coliform","family":"microbial","familyLabel":"Microbial","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A group of bacteria used as an indicator of overall water-system sanitation.","whyItMatters":"Coliforms themselves are usually harmless, but their presence signals that disease-causing organisms could enter the system.","measured":{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1","units":null,"statisticType":"max_single","samplingContext":"plant:Highest # of Detections","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCLG","value":0,"units":null,"enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":null,"statisticType":"max_single","samplingContext":"plant:Highest # of Detections","rawVerbatim":"0"},{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1","units":null,"statisticType":"max_single","samplingContext":"plant:Highest # of Detections","rawVerbatim":"1"}]},{"analyteId":"pfbs","name":"Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"375-73-5","whatItIs":"Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Has no standalone limit but is part of the EPA PFAS Hazard Index that limits PFAS in combination.","measured":{"value":6,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"6","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"6.0"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":6,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"6","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"6.0"},{"value":2023,"low":6,"high":2023,"kind":"range","display":"6–2023","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"6-7-2023 10-11-2023 12-5-2023"},{"value":3.8,"low":0,"high":3.8,"kind":"range","display":"0–3.8","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0-3.1 0-3.8"},{"value":8.9,"low":3.1,"high":8.9,"kind":"range","display":"3.1–8.9","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"3.1-8.9"},{"value":23,"low":3,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"3–23","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"3/7 - 9/27/23"},{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"1.0 1.2"}]},{"analyteId":"pfhxs","name":"Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"355-46-4","whatItIs":"Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Regulated by the EPA at 10 parts per trillion and included in the PFAS Hazard Index.","measured":{"value":7.3,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"7.3","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"7.3"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":8.9,"low":5.6,"high":8.9,"kind":"range","display":"5.6–8.9","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"5.6-8.9"},{"value":23,"low":3,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"3–23","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"3/7 - 9/27/23"},{"value":7.3,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"7.3","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"7.3"}]},{"analyteId":"pfhxa","name":"Perfluorohexanoic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"307-24-4","whatItIs":"Perfluorohexanoic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Monitored under EPA rules; persistent and widely detected.","measured":{"value":6.2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"6.2","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"6.2"},"federalStandard":{"type":"PHG","value":40,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"1.0"},{"value":23,"low":3,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"3–23","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"3/7 - 9/27/23"},{"value":6.8,"low":5.7,"high":6.8,"kind":"range","display":"5.7–6.8","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"5.7-6.8"},{"value":2023,"low":12,"high":2023,"kind":"range","display":"12–2023","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"12-5-2023"},{"value":3.1,"low":0,"high":3.1,"kind":"range","display":"0–3.1","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0-3.1"},{"value":6.2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"6.2","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"6.2"}]},{"analyteId":"pfoa","name":"PFOA","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"335-67-1","whatItIs":"Perfluorooctanoic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical' once used in nonstick and stain-resistant products.","whyItMatters":"Linked to cancer, liver damage, and immune effects; the EPA set an enforceable limit of 4 parts per trillion.","measured":{"value":14.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"14.1","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"14.1"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"over","label":"At or above the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":23,"low":3,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"3–23","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"3/7 - 9/27/23"},{"value":16.2,"low":12,"high":16.2,"kind":"range","display":"12–16.2","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"12.0-16.2"},{"value":14.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"14.1","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"14.1"}]},{"analyteId":"pfos","name":"PFOS","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"1763-23-1","whatItIs":"Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical' once used in firefighting foam and coatings.","whyItMatters":"Linked to cancer, thyroid disease, and immune effects; the EPA set an enforceable limit of 4 parts per trillion.","measured":{"value":11.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"11.1","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"11.1"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"over","label":"At or above the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":12.6,"low":9.5,"high":12.6,"kind":"range","display":"9.5–12.6","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"9.5-12.6"},{"value":1.3,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.3","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"1.3 3.2"},{"value":2023,"low":6,"high":2023,"kind":"range","display":"6–2023","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"6-7-2023 10-11-2023 12-5-2023"},{"value":11.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"11.1","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"11.1"},{"value":23,"low":3,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"3–23","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"3/7 - 9/27/23"},{"value":5,"low":0,"high":5,"kind":"range","display":"0–5","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0-4 0-5"}]},{"analyteId":"toc","name":"TOC","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Total organic carbon — a measure of organic material dissolved in the water.","whyItMatters":"Not harmful itself, but it is the raw material that forms disinfection byproducts; removal is a treatment requirement.","measured":{"value":1.03,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.03","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.03 (SW)"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":1.2,"low":0.82,"high":1.2,"kind":"range","display":"0.82–1.2","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.82-1.2"},{"value":1.03,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.03","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"1.03 (SW)"}]},{"analyteId":"combined_radium","name":"Combined Radium","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Combined radium-226 and radium-228 — naturally occurring radioactive elements.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit increases the risk of bone cancer.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0 (GW)"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":5,"units":"pCi/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":23,"low":7,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"7–23","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"7/31/23-12/6/23"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0 (GW)"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0 (GW)"}]},{"analyteId":"gross_alpha","name":"Gross Alpha","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Gross alpha particle activity — a combined measure of alpha-emitting radioactive substances.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit increases cancer risk.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0 (GW)"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":15,"units":"pCi/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":23,"low":7,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"7–23","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"plant:Sample Dates","rawVerbatim":"7/31/23- 10/20/23"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0 (GW)"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0 (GW)"}]}]}}