{"dataset":{"name":"U.S. Drinking Water Quality — Contaminant Measurements","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","homepage":"https://www.thewatermap.com"},"meta":{"generatedAt":"2026-06-04T01:01:35.079Z"},"system":{"slug":"ca__san-fernando-city-water-dept__CA1910143","name":"San Fernando-city, Water Dept. — San Fernando, Ca","state":"CA","year":2023,"url":"https://www.thewatermap.com/water/ca/san-fernando-city-water-dept-san-fernando-ca/2023","apiUrl":"https://www.thewatermap.com/api/water/ca/san-fernando-city-water-dept-san-fernando-ca/2023","markdownUrl":"https://www.thewatermap.com/water/ca/san-fernando-city-water-dept-san-fernando-ca/2023/llms.txt","coordinates":{"latitude":34.28497,"longitude":-118.437652},"contaminantsMeasured":22,"contaminantsWithFederalLimit":6,"contaminantsAtOrAboveLimit":0,"contaminantsApproachingLimit":0,"source":{"type":"Consumer Confidence Report (CCR)","description":"Figures are transcribed from the water utility's own annual Consumer Confidence Report, cross-checked by a second model, and approved by a person before publishing."},"families":[{"family":"disinfectant","familyLabel":"Disinfectants","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"chloramine","name":"Chloramine","family":"disinfectant","familyLabel":"Disinfectants","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A longer-lasting disinfectant made by combining chlorine with ammonia.","whyItMatters":"Holds disinfection further into the pipe network, but is regulated under the same residual-disinfectant cap as chlorine.","measured":{"value":3,"low":1.6,"high":3,"kind":"range","display":"1.6–3","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.6–3"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":3,"low":1.6,"high":3,"kind":"range","display":"1.6–3","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"1.6–3"},{"value":2.5,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.5","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"2.5"}]}]},{"family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"bromodichloromethane","name":"Bromodichloromethane","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":"75-27-4","whatItIs":"A trihalomethane disinfection byproduct.","whyItMatters":"Counted within regulated total trihalomethanes; long-term exposure is associated with cancer and reproductive effects.","measured":{"value":11,"low":0.84,"high":11,"kind":"range","display":"0.84–11","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.84–11"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":11,"low":0.84,"high":11,"kind":"range","display":"0.84–11","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.84–11"},{"value":4.3,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"4.3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"4.3"}]},{"analyteId":"bromoform","name":"Bromoform","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":"75-25-2","whatItIs":"A trihalomethane disinfection byproduct.","whyItMatters":"Counted within regulated total trihalomethanes; long-term exposure is associated with liver and kidney effects.","measured":{"value":11,"low":0.81,"high":11,"kind":"range","display":"0.81–11","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.81–11"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":4.36,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"4.36","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"4.36"},{"value":11,"low":0.81,"high":11,"kind":"range","display":"0.81–11","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.81–11"}]},{"analyteId":"chloroform","name":"Chloroform","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":"67-66-3","whatItIs":"A trihalomethane formed when chlorine reacts with organic matter in water.","whyItMatters":"A component of regulated total trihalomethanes; long-term exposure is linked to liver and kidney effects.","measured":{"value":0.63,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.63","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.63"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.63,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.63","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.63"},{"value":0.63,"low":0,"high":0.63,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.63","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"ND–0.63"}]},{"analyteId":"haa5","name":"HAA5","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Haloacetic acids — a group of five disinfection byproducts formed when disinfectants react with organic matter.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit is associated with an increased cancer risk.","measured":{"value":23,"low":0,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"0–23","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND–23"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:San Fernando","label":"San Fernando","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":{"low":0,"high":23,"display":"0–23"},"ratio":0.38333333333333336},{"context":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","label":"Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":{"low":0,"high":4.2,"display":"0–4.2"},"ratio":0.10333333333333335}],"measurements":[{"value":6.2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"6.2","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"6.2"},{"value":23,"low":0,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"0–23","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"ND–23"},{"value":19,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"19","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"19"},{"value":4.2,"low":0,"high":4.2,"kind":"range","display":"0–4.2","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"ND–4.2"}]},{"analyteId":"tthm","name":"TTHM","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Total trihalomethanes — a group of four chemicals (including chloroform) formed when chlorine reacts with natural organic matter.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit is linked to liver, kidney, and central-nervous-system effects and increased cancer risk.","measured":{"value":49,"low":5.1,"high":49,"kind":"range","display":"5.1–49","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"5.1–49"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:San Fernando","label":"San Fernando","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":{"low":5.1,"high":49,"display":"5.1–49"},"ratio":0.6125},{"context":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","label":"Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":{"low":28,"high":37,"display":"28–37"},"ratio":0.46249999999999997}],"measurements":[{"value":49,"low":5.1,"high":49,"kind":"range","display":"5.1–49","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"5.1–49"},{"value":19.2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"19.2","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"19.2"},{"value":32,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"32","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"32"},{"value":37,"low":28,"high":37,"kind":"range","display":"28–37","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"28–37"}]}]},{"family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"fluoride","name":"Fluoride","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"16984-48-8","whatItIs":"A mineral often added to drinking water to help prevent tooth decay.","whyItMatters":"Beneficial at low levels, but long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause bone disease and tooth mottling.","measured":{"value":0.8,"low":0.3,"high":0.8,"kind":"range","display":"0.3–0.8","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.3–0.8"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","label":"Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":{"low":0.3,"high":0.8,"display":"0.3–0.8"},"ratio":0.2},{"context":"zone:San Fernando","label":"San Fernando","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":{"low":0.24,"high":0.37,"display":"0.24–0.37"},"ratio":0.0925}],"measurements":[{"value":0.7,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.7","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"0.7"},{"value":0.32,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.32","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.32"},{"value":0.37,"low":0.24,"high":0.37,"kind":"range","display":"0.24–0.37","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.24–0.37"},{"value":0.8,"low":0.3,"high":0.8,"kind":"range","display":"0.3–0.8","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"0.3–0.8"}]}]},{"family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"aluminum","name":"Aluminum","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7429-90-5","whatItIs":"A common element sometimes used as a treatment coagulant.","whyItMatters":"Regulated only as a secondary (cosmetic) standard; high levels can discolor water.","measured":{"value":0.15,"low":0,"high":0.15,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.15","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND–0.15"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.093,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.093","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"0.093"},{"value":0.15,"low":0,"high":0.15,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.15","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"ND–0.15"}]},{"analyteId":"barium","name":"Barium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-39-3","whatItIs":"A metal from erosion of natural deposits and industrial discharge.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit can raise blood pressure.","measured":{"value":0.16,"low":0,"high":0.16,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.16","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND–0.16¹"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":2,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:San Fernando","label":"San Fernando","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":{"low":0.13,"high":0.16,"display":"0.13–0.16"},"ratio":0.08},{"context":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","label":"Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":{"low":0,"high":0.16,"display":"0–0.16"},"ratio":0.08}],"measurements":[{"value":0.143,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.143","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.143"},{"value":0.124,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.124","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"0.124¹"},{"value":0.16,"low":0,"high":0.16,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.16","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"ND–0.16¹"},{"value":0.16,"low":0.13,"high":0.16,"kind":"range","display":"0.13–0.16","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.13–0.16"}]},{"analyteId":"chromium_hex","name":"Chromium, Hexavalent","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"18540-29-9","whatItIs":"Hexavalent chromium ('chromium-6') — the more toxic form of chromium.","whyItMatters":"A known carcinogen by inhalation; regulated nationally only within the total-chromium limit, with stricter limits in some states.","measured":{"value":15,"low":0,"high":15,"kind":"range","display":"0–15","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND–15"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":15,"low":0,"high":15,"kind":"range","display":"0–15","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"ND–15"}]},{"analyteId":"chromium_total","name":"Chromium, Total","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-47-3","whatItIs":"Total chromium — the sum of all chromium forms, from natural deposits and industrial discharge.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause allergic dermatitis; includes hexavalent chromium.","measured":{"value":5,"low":3.6,"high":5,"kind":"range","display":"3.6–5","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"3.6–5.0"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":4.5,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"4.5","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"4.5"},{"value":5,"low":3.6,"high":5,"kind":"range","display":"3.6–5","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"3.6–5.0"}]},{"analyteId":"copper","name":"Copper","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-50-8","whatItIs":"A metal that enters water from corroding household plumbing.","whyItMatters":"Short-term exposure causes stomach distress; long-term exposure can damage the liver and kidneys.","measured":{"value":0.051,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.051","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.051"},"federalStandard":{"type":"AL","value":1.3,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.3,"low":0,"high":0.3,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.3","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","rawVerbatim":"ND–0.3"},{"value":0.051,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.051","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","rawVerbatim":"0.051"}]},{"analyteId":"lead","name":"Lead","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-92-1","whatItIs":"A toxic metal that leaches into water from old service lines, solder, and plumbing fixtures.","whyItMatters":"There is no safe level of lead; it harms brain development in children and raises blood pressure in adults. The EPA sets an action level, not a health goal above zero.","measured":{"value":2.3,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"2.3"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.3,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","rawVerbatim":"2.3"},{"value":4.7,"low":0,"high":4.7,"kind":"range","display":"0–4.7","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","rawVerbatim":"ND–4.7"}]},{"analyteId":"sodium","name":"Sodium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-23-5","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring salt component.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; relevant for people on sodium-restricted diets.","measured":{"value":100,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"100","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"100"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","label":"Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null},{"context":"zone:San Fernando","label":"San Fernando","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":{"low":23,"high":36,"display":"23–36"},"ratio":null}],"measurements":[{"value":100,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"100","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"100"},{"value":36,"low":23,"high":36,"kind":"range","display":"23–36","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"23–36"},{"value":29,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"29","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"29"}]}]},{"family":"other","familyLabel":"Other","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"chlorine_free","name":"Chlorine Free","family":"other","familyLabel":"Other","casrn":null,"whatItIs":null,"whyItMatters":null,"measured":{"value":2.5,"low":0.5,"high":2.5,"kind":"range","display":"0.5–2.5","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.5–2.5"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":1.5,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.5","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"1.50"},{"value":2.5,"low":0.5,"high":2.5,"kind":"range","display":"0.5–2.5","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.5–2.5"}]},{"analyteId":"pce","name":"Pce","family":"other","familyLabel":"Other","casrn":null,"whatItIs":null,"whyItMatters":null,"measured":{"value":0.91,"low":0,"high":0.91,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.91","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND–0.91"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.91,"low":0,"high":0.91,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.91","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"ND–0.91"},{"value":0.91,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.91","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.91"}]}]},{"family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"hardness","name":"Hardness","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of dissolved calcium and magnesium minerals.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; affects scaling, soap use, and taste.","measured":{"value":250,"low":220,"high":250,"kind":"range","display":"220–250","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"220–250"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":250,"low":220,"high":250,"kind":"range","display":"220–250","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"220–250"},{"value":240,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"240","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"240"}]},{"analyteId":"toc","name":"TOC","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Total organic carbon — a measure of organic material dissolved in the water.","whyItMatters":"Not harmful itself, but it is the raw material that forms disinfection byproducts; removal is a treatment requirement.","measured":{"value":2.6,"low":2.1,"high":2.6,"kind":"range","display":"2.1–2.6","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"2.1–2.6"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.6,"low":2.1,"high":2.6,"kind":"range","display":"2.1–2.6","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"2.1–2.6"},{"value":2.4,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.4","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"2.4"}]},{"analyteId":"turbidity","name":"Turbidity","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of cloudiness from suspended particles in the water.","whyItMatters":"High turbidity can shelter microbes from disinfection; the EPA enforces it through a treatment-technique standard.","measured":{"value":0.2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.2","units":"NTU","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.2"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:San Fernando","label":"San Fernando","kind":"zone","units":"NTU","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.2},{"context":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","label":"Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","kind":"zone","units":"NTU","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.04}],"measurements":[{"value":0.2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.2","units":"NTU","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.2"},{"value":0.04,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.04","units":"NTU","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"0.04¹"}]}]},{"family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"combined_radium","name":"Combined Radium","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Combined radium-226 and radium-228 — naturally occurring radioactive elements.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit increases the risk of bone cancer.","measured":{"value":0.29,"low":0,"high":0.29,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.29","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND–0.29"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":5,"units":"pCi/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.24,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.24","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.24"},{"value":0.29,"low":0,"high":0.29,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.29","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"ND–0.29"},{"value":0.06,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.06","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.06"},{"value":0.07,"low":0,"high":0.07,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.07","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"ND–0.07"}]},{"analyteId":"gross_alpha","name":"Gross Alpha","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Gross alpha particle activity — a combined measure of alpha-emitting radioactive substances.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit increases cancer risk.","measured":{"value":1.9,"low":0,"high":1.9,"kind":"range","display":"0–1.9","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND–1.9"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":15,"units":"pCi/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":1.53,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.53","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"1.53"},{"value":1.9,"low":0,"high":1.9,"kind":"range","display":"0–1.9","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"ND–1.9"}]},{"analyteId":"uranium","name":"Uranium","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":"7440-61-1","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring radioactive metal from erosion of natural deposits.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit can damage the kidneys and increase cancer risk.","measured":{"value":3,"low":0,"high":3,"kind":"range","display":"0–3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND–3"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":30,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","label":"Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":{"low":0,"high":3,"display":"0–3"},"ratio":0.1},{"context":"zone:San Fernando","label":"San Fernando","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":{"low":0,"high":2.5,"display":"0–2.5"},"ratio":0.08333333333333333}],"measurements":[{"value":2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"2"},{"value":3,"low":0,"high":3,"kind":"range","display":"0–3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"ND–3"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":3,"low":1,"high":3,"kind":"range","display":"1–3","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"1–3"},{"value":2.5,"low":0,"high":2.5,"kind":"range","display":"0–2.5","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"ND–2.5"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]}]}],"contaminants":[{"analyteId":"chloramine","name":"Chloramine","family":"disinfectant","familyLabel":"Disinfectants","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A longer-lasting disinfectant made by combining chlorine with ammonia.","whyItMatters":"Holds disinfection further into the pipe network, but is regulated under the same residual-disinfectant cap as chlorine.","measured":{"value":3,"low":1.6,"high":3,"kind":"range","display":"1.6–3","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.6–3"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":3,"low":1.6,"high":3,"kind":"range","display":"1.6–3","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"1.6–3"},{"value":2.5,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.5","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"2.5"}]},{"analyteId":"bromodichloromethane","name":"Bromodichloromethane","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":"75-27-4","whatItIs":"A trihalomethane disinfection byproduct.","whyItMatters":"Counted within regulated total trihalomethanes; long-term exposure is associated with cancer and reproductive effects.","measured":{"value":11,"low":0.84,"high":11,"kind":"range","display":"0.84–11","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.84–11"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":11,"low":0.84,"high":11,"kind":"range","display":"0.84–11","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.84–11"},{"value":4.3,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"4.3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"4.3"}]},{"analyteId":"bromoform","name":"Bromoform","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":"75-25-2","whatItIs":"A trihalomethane disinfection byproduct.","whyItMatters":"Counted within regulated total trihalomethanes; long-term exposure is associated with liver and kidney effects.","measured":{"value":11,"low":0.81,"high":11,"kind":"range","display":"0.81–11","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.81–11"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":4.36,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"4.36","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"4.36"},{"value":11,"low":0.81,"high":11,"kind":"range","display":"0.81–11","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.81–11"}]},{"analyteId":"chloroform","name":"Chloroform","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":"67-66-3","whatItIs":"A trihalomethane formed when chlorine reacts with organic matter in water.","whyItMatters":"A component of regulated total trihalomethanes; long-term exposure is linked to liver and kidney effects.","measured":{"value":0.63,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.63","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.63"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.63,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.63","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.63"},{"value":0.63,"low":0,"high":0.63,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.63","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"ND–0.63"}]},{"analyteId":"haa5","name":"HAA5","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Haloacetic acids — a group of five disinfection byproducts formed when disinfectants react with organic matter.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit is associated with an increased cancer risk.","measured":{"value":23,"low":0,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"0–23","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND–23"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:San Fernando","label":"San Fernando","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":{"low":0,"high":23,"display":"0–23"},"ratio":0.38333333333333336},{"context":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","label":"Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":{"low":0,"high":4.2,"display":"0–4.2"},"ratio":0.10333333333333335}],"measurements":[{"value":6.2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"6.2","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"6.2"},{"value":23,"low":0,"high":23,"kind":"range","display":"0–23","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"ND–23"},{"value":19,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"19","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"19"},{"value":4.2,"low":0,"high":4.2,"kind":"range","display":"0–4.2","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"ND–4.2"}]},{"analyteId":"tthm","name":"TTHM","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Total trihalomethanes — a group of four chemicals (including chloroform) formed when chlorine reacts with natural organic matter.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit is linked to liver, kidney, and central-nervous-system effects and increased cancer risk.","measured":{"value":49,"low":5.1,"high":49,"kind":"range","display":"5.1–49","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"5.1–49"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:San Fernando","label":"San Fernando","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":{"low":5.1,"high":49,"display":"5.1–49"},"ratio":0.6125},{"context":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","label":"Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":{"low":28,"high":37,"display":"28–37"},"ratio":0.46249999999999997}],"measurements":[{"value":49,"low":5.1,"high":49,"kind":"range","display":"5.1–49","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"5.1–49"},{"value":19.2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"19.2","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"19.2"},{"value":32,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"32","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"32"},{"value":37,"low":28,"high":37,"kind":"range","display":"28–37","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"28–37"}]},{"analyteId":"fluoride","name":"Fluoride","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"16984-48-8","whatItIs":"A mineral often added to drinking water to help prevent tooth decay.","whyItMatters":"Beneficial at low levels, but long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause bone disease and tooth mottling.","measured":{"value":0.8,"low":0.3,"high":0.8,"kind":"range","display":"0.3–0.8","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.3–0.8"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","label":"Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":{"low":0.3,"high":0.8,"display":"0.3–0.8"},"ratio":0.2},{"context":"zone:San Fernando","label":"San Fernando","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":{"low":0.24,"high":0.37,"display":"0.24–0.37"},"ratio":0.0925}],"measurements":[{"value":0.7,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.7","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"0.7"},{"value":0.32,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.32","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.32"},{"value":0.37,"low":0.24,"high":0.37,"kind":"range","display":"0.24–0.37","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.24–0.37"},{"value":0.8,"low":0.3,"high":0.8,"kind":"range","display":"0.3–0.8","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"0.3–0.8"}]},{"analyteId":"aluminum","name":"Aluminum","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7429-90-5","whatItIs":"A common element sometimes used as a treatment coagulant.","whyItMatters":"Regulated only as a secondary (cosmetic) standard; high levels can discolor water.","measured":{"value":0.15,"low":0,"high":0.15,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.15","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND–0.15"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.093,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.093","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"0.093"},{"value":0.15,"low":0,"high":0.15,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.15","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"ND–0.15"}]},{"analyteId":"barium","name":"Barium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-39-3","whatItIs":"A metal from erosion of natural deposits and industrial discharge.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit can raise blood pressure.","measured":{"value":0.16,"low":0,"high":0.16,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.16","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND–0.16¹"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":2,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:San Fernando","label":"San Fernando","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":{"low":0.13,"high":0.16,"display":"0.13–0.16"},"ratio":0.08},{"context":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","label":"Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":{"low":0,"high":0.16,"display":"0–0.16"},"ratio":0.08}],"measurements":[{"value":0.143,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.143","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.143"},{"value":0.124,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.124","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"0.124¹"},{"value":0.16,"low":0,"high":0.16,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.16","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"ND–0.16¹"},{"value":0.16,"low":0.13,"high":0.16,"kind":"range","display":"0.13–0.16","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.13–0.16"}]},{"analyteId":"chromium_hex","name":"Chromium, Hexavalent","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"18540-29-9","whatItIs":"Hexavalent chromium ('chromium-6') — the more toxic form of chromium.","whyItMatters":"A known carcinogen by inhalation; regulated nationally only within the total-chromium limit, with stricter limits in some states.","measured":{"value":15,"low":0,"high":15,"kind":"range","display":"0–15","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND–15"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":15,"low":0,"high":15,"kind":"range","display":"0–15","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"ND–15"}]},{"analyteId":"chromium_total","name":"Chromium, Total","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-47-3","whatItIs":"Total chromium — the sum of all chromium forms, from natural deposits and industrial discharge.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause allergic dermatitis; includes hexavalent chromium.","measured":{"value":5,"low":3.6,"high":5,"kind":"range","display":"3.6–5","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"3.6–5.0"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":4.5,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"4.5","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"4.5"},{"value":5,"low":3.6,"high":5,"kind":"range","display":"3.6–5","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"3.6–5.0"}]},{"analyteId":"copper","name":"Copper","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-50-8","whatItIs":"A metal that enters water from corroding household plumbing.","whyItMatters":"Short-term exposure causes stomach distress; long-term exposure can damage the liver and kidneys.","measured":{"value":0.051,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.051","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.051"},"federalStandard":{"type":"AL","value":1.3,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.3,"low":0,"high":0.3,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.3","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","rawVerbatim":"ND–0.3"},{"value":0.051,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.051","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","rawVerbatim":"0.051"}]},{"analyteId":"lead","name":"Lead","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-92-1","whatItIs":"A toxic metal that leaches into water from old service lines, solder, and plumbing fixtures.","whyItMatters":"There is no safe level of lead; it harms brain development in children and raises blood pressure in adults. The EPA sets an action level, not a health goal above zero.","measured":{"value":2.3,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"2.3"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.3,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","rawVerbatim":"2.3"},{"value":4.7,"low":0,"high":4.7,"kind":"range","display":"0–4.7","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"at_the_tap","rawVerbatim":"ND–4.7"}]},{"analyteId":"sodium","name":"Sodium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-23-5","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring salt component.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; relevant for people on sodium-restricted diets.","measured":{"value":100,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"100","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"100"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","label":"Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":null},{"context":"zone:San Fernando","label":"San Fernando","kind":"zone","units":"mg/L","average":null,"range":{"low":23,"high":36,"display":"23–36"},"ratio":null}],"measurements":[{"value":100,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"100","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"100"},{"value":36,"low":23,"high":36,"kind":"range","display":"23–36","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"23–36"},{"value":29,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"29","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"29"}]},{"analyteId":"chlorine_free","name":"Chlorine Free","family":"other","familyLabel":"Other","casrn":null,"whatItIs":null,"whyItMatters":null,"measured":{"value":2.5,"low":0.5,"high":2.5,"kind":"range","display":"0.5–2.5","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.5–2.5"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":1.5,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.5","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"1.50"},{"value":2.5,"low":0.5,"high":2.5,"kind":"range","display":"0.5–2.5","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.5–2.5"}]},{"analyteId":"pce","name":"Pce","family":"other","familyLabel":"Other","casrn":null,"whatItIs":null,"whyItMatters":null,"measured":{"value":0.91,"low":0,"high":0.91,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.91","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND–0.91"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.91,"low":0,"high":0.91,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.91","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"ND–0.91"},{"value":0.91,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.91","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.91"}]},{"analyteId":"hardness","name":"Hardness","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of dissolved calcium and magnesium minerals.","whyItMatters":"Not federally regulated for health; affects scaling, soap use, and taste.","measured":{"value":250,"low":220,"high":250,"kind":"range","display":"220–250","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"220–250"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":250,"low":220,"high":250,"kind":"range","display":"220–250","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"220–250"},{"value":240,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"240","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"240"}]},{"analyteId":"toc","name":"TOC","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Total organic carbon — a measure of organic material dissolved in the water.","whyItMatters":"Not harmful itself, but it is the raw material that forms disinfection byproducts; removal is a treatment requirement.","measured":{"value":2.6,"low":2.1,"high":2.6,"kind":"range","display":"2.1–2.6","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"2.1–2.6"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.6,"low":2.1,"high":2.6,"kind":"range","display":"2.1–2.6","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"2.1–2.6"},{"value":2.4,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.4","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"2.4"}]},{"analyteId":"turbidity","name":"Turbidity","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of cloudiness from suspended particles in the water.","whyItMatters":"High turbidity can shelter microbes from disinfection; the EPA enforces it through a treatment-technique standard.","measured":{"value":0.2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.2","units":"NTU","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.2"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:San Fernando","label":"San Fernando","kind":"zone","units":"NTU","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.2},{"context":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","label":"Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","kind":"zone","units":"NTU","average":null,"range":null,"ratio":0.04}],"measurements":[{"value":0.2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.2","units":"NTU","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.2"},{"value":0.04,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.04","units":"NTU","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"0.04¹"}]},{"analyteId":"combined_radium","name":"Combined Radium","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Combined radium-226 and radium-228 — naturally occurring radioactive elements.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit increases the risk of bone cancer.","measured":{"value":0.29,"low":0,"high":0.29,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.29","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND–0.29"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":5,"units":"pCi/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.24,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.24","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.24"},{"value":0.29,"low":0,"high":0.29,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.29","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"ND–0.29"},{"value":0.06,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.06","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"0.06"},{"value":0.07,"low":0,"high":0.07,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.07","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"ND–0.07"}]},{"analyteId":"gross_alpha","name":"Gross Alpha","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Gross alpha particle activity — a combined measure of alpha-emitting radioactive substances.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit increases cancer risk.","measured":{"value":1.9,"low":0,"high":1.9,"kind":"range","display":"0–1.9","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND–1.9"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":15,"units":"pCi/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":1.53,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.53","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"1.53"},{"value":1.9,"low":0,"high":1.9,"kind":"range","display":"0–1.9","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"ND–1.9"}]},{"analyteId":"uranium","name":"Uranium","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":"7440-61-1","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring radioactive metal from erosion of natural deposits.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit can damage the kidneys and increase cancer risk.","measured":{"value":3,"low":0,"high":3,"kind":"range","display":"0–3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND–3"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":30,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","label":"Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":{"low":0,"high":3,"display":"0–3"},"ratio":0.1},{"context":"zone:San Fernando","label":"San Fernando","kind":"zone","units":"ug/L","average":null,"range":{"low":0,"high":2.5,"display":"0–2.5"},"ratio":0.08333333333333333}],"measurements":[{"value":2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"2"},{"value":3,"low":0,"high":3,"kind":"range","display":"0–3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"ND–3"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":3,"low":1,"high":3,"kind":"range","display":"1–3","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"1–3"},{"value":2.5,"low":0,"high":2.5,"kind":"range","display":"0–2.5","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:San Fernando","rawVerbatim":"ND–2.5"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"reported_level","samplingContext":"zone:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]}]}}