{"dataset":{"name":"U.S. Drinking Water Quality — Contaminant Measurements","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","homepage":"https://www.thewatermap.com"},"meta":{"generatedAt":"2026-06-04T02:09:13.746Z"},"system":{"slug":"ca__valley-center-mwd__CA3710026","name":"Valley Center MWD — Valley Center, Ca","state":"CA","year":2023,"url":"https://www.thewatermap.com/water/ca/valley-center-mwd-valley-center-ca/2023","apiUrl":"https://www.thewatermap.com/api/water/ca/valley-center-mwd-valley-center-ca/2023","markdownUrl":"https://www.thewatermap.com/water/ca/valley-center-mwd-valley-center-ca/2023/llms.txt","coordinates":{"latitude":33.2272406,"longitude":-117.0291893},"contaminantsMeasured":13,"contaminantsWithFederalLimit":4,"contaminantsAtOrAboveLimit":0,"contaminantsApproachingLimit":0,"source":{"type":"Consumer Confidence Report (CCR)","description":"Figures are transcribed from the water utility's own annual Consumer Confidence Report, cross-checked by a second model, and approved by a person before publishing."},"families":[{"family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"haa5","name":"HAA5","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Haloacetic acids — a group of five disinfection byproducts formed when disinfectants react with organic matter.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit is associated with an increased cancer risk.","measured":{"value":10,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"10","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"10"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":10,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"10","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"10"},{"value":19,"low":0,"high":19,"kind":"range","display":"0–19","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"0.0-19.0"}]},{"analyteId":"tthm","name":"TTHM","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Total trihalomethanes — a group of four chemicals (including chloroform) formed when chlorine reacts with natural organic matter.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit is linked to liver, kidney, and central-nervous-system effects and increased cancer risk.","measured":{"value":31,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"31","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"31"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":31,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"31","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"31"},{"value":48,"low":10,"high":48,"kind":"range","display":"10–48","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"10.0-48.0"}]}]},{"family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"fluoride","name":"Fluoride","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"16984-48-8","whatItIs":"A mineral often added to drinking water to help prevent tooth decay.","whyItMatters":"Beneficial at low levels, but long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause bone disease and tooth mottling.","measured":{"value":0.7,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.7","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.7"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","label":"Skinner Treatment Plant","kind":"plant","units":"mg/L","average":{"value":0.7,"display":"0.7"},"range":{"low":0.6,"high":0.8,"display":"0.6–0.8"},"ratio":0.2},{"context":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","label":"Carlsbad Desalination Plant","kind":"plant","units":"mg/L","average":{"value":0.692,"display":"0.692"},"range":{"low":0.606,"high":0.79,"display":"0.606–0.79"},"ratio":0.1975},{"context":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","label":"Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","kind":"plant","units":"mg/L","average":{"value":0.64,"display":"0.64"},"range":{"low":0.6,"high":0.7,"display":"0.6–0.7"},"ratio":0.175}],"measurements":[{"value":0.7,"low":0.6,"high":0.7,"kind":"range","display":"0.6–0.7","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"0.6-0.7"},{"value":0.64,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.64","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"0.64"},{"value":0.79,"low":0.606,"high":0.79,"kind":"range","display":"0.606–0.79","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","rawVerbatim":"0.606-0.790"},{"value":0.8,"low":0.6,"high":0.8,"kind":"range","display":"0.6–0.8","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"0.6-0.8"},{"value":0.7,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.7","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"0.7"},{"value":0.692,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.692","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","rawVerbatim":"0.692"}]},{"analyteId":"nitrate","name":"Nitrate","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"14797-55-8","whatItIs":"A compound from fertilizer runoff, septic systems, and erosion of natural deposits.","whyItMatters":"Levels above the federal limit can cause 'blue baby syndrome,' a serious oxygen-transport condition in infants.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":10,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","label":"Carlsbad Desalination Plant","kind":"plant","units":"mg/L","average":{"value":0,"display":"Not detected"},"range":{"low":null,"high":null,"display":"Not detected"},"ratio":0},{"context":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","label":"Skinner Treatment Plant","kind":"plant","units":"mg/L","average":{"value":0,"display":"Not detected"},"range":{"low":null,"high":null,"display":"Not detected"},"ratio":0},{"context":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","label":"Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","kind":"plant","units":"mg/L","average":{"value":0,"display":"Not detected"},"range":{"low":null,"high":null,"display":"Not detected"},"ratio":0}],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]}]},{"family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"arsenic","name":"Arsenic","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-38-2","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring element that also enters water from industry and agriculture.","whyItMatters":"A known human carcinogen; long-term exposure is linked to skin, bladder, and lung cancer.","measured":{"value":2.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.1","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"2.1"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","label":"Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","kind":"plant","units":"ug/L","average":{"value":2.1,"display":"2.1"},"range":{"low":null,"high":null,"display":"2.1"},"ratio":0.21000000000000002},{"context":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","label":"Skinner Treatment Plant","kind":"plant","units":"ug/L","average":{"value":0,"display":"Not detected"},"range":{"low":null,"high":null,"display":"Not detected"},"ratio":0},{"context":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","label":"Carlsbad Desalination Plant","kind":"plant","units":"ug/L","average":{"value":0,"display":"Not detected"},"range":{"low":null,"high":null,"display":"Not detected"},"ratio":0}],"measurements":[{"value":2.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.1","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"2.1"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":2.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.1","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"2.1"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"copper","name":"Copper","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-50-8","whatItIs":"A metal that enters water from corroding household plumbing.","whyItMatters":"Short-term exposure causes stomach distress; long-term exposure can damage the liver and kidneys.","measured":{"value":0.255,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.255","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.255"},"federalStandard":{"type":"AL","value":1.3,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.255,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.255","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"0.255"},{"value":0.255,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.255","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"0.255"}]},{"analyteId":"lead","name":"Lead","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-92-1","whatItIs":"A toxic metal that leaches into water from old service lines, solder, and plumbing fixtures.","whyItMatters":"There is no safe level of lead; it harms brain development in children and raises blood pressure in adults. The EPA sets an action level, not a health goal above zero.","measured":{"value":4,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"4","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"4.0"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":4,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"4","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"4.0"},{"value":4,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"4","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"4.0"}]},{"analyteId":"lithium","name":"Lithium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-93-2","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring element found in some groundwater.","whyItMatters":"No enforceable federal limit; on the EPA contaminant candidate list for further study.","measured":{"value":37,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"37","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Test Results","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"37"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":40,"low":35,"high":40,"kind":"range","display":"35–40","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Test Results","rawVerbatim":"35-40"},{"value":37,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"37","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Test Results","rawVerbatim":"37"}]}]},{"family":"microbial","familyLabel":"Microbial","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"ecoli","name":"Escherichia coli (E. coli)","family":"microbial","familyLabel":"Microbial","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Escherichia coli — bacteria found in the gut of humans and animals.","whyItMatters":"Its presence in drinking water indicates fecal contamination and a real risk of waterborne illness.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":null,"statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"total_coliform","name":"Total Coliform","family":"microbial","familyLabel":"Microbial","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A group of bacteria used as an indicator of overall water-system sanitation.","whyItMatters":"Coliforms themselves are usually harmless, but their presence signals that disease-causing organisms could enter the system.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"%","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"%","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"%","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]}]},{"family":"other","familyLabel":"Other","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"chlorine_total","name":"Chlorine Total","family":"other","familyLabel":"Other","casrn":null,"whatItIs":null,"whyItMatters":null,"measured":{"value":1.78,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.78","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.78"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.1,"low":1.3,"high":2.1,"kind":"range","display":"1.3–2.1","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"1.3-2.1"},{"value":1.78,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.78","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"1.78"}]}]},{"family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"turbidity","name":"Turbidity","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of cloudiness from suspended particles in the water.","whyItMatters":"High turbidity can shelter microbes from disinfection; the EPA enforces it through a treatment-technique standard.","measured":{"value":0.08,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.08","units":"%","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.08 100%"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","label":"Skinner Treatment Plant","kind":"plant","units":"%","average":{"value":0.07,"display":"0.07"},"range":{"low":null,"high":null,"display":"0.3"},"ratio":null},{"context":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","label":"Carlsbad Desalination Plant","kind":"plant","units":"%","average":{"value":0.08,"display":"0.08"},"range":{"low":null,"high":null,"display":"0.1"},"ratio":null},{"context":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","label":"Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","kind":"plant","units":"%","average":{"value":0.03,"display":"0.03"},"range":{"low":0,"high":0.1,"display":"0–0.1"},"ratio":null}],"measurements":[{"value":0.07,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.07","units":"%","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"0.07 100%"},{"value":0.3,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.3","units":"%","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"Highest %<0.3"},{"value":0.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.1","units":"%","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","rawVerbatim":"Highest % <0.1"},{"value":0.08,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.08","units":"%","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","rawVerbatim":"0.08 100%"},{"value":0.1,"low":0,"high":0.1,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.1","units":"%","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"0.02-0.087 % <0.1"},{"value":0.03,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.03","units":"%","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"0.03 100%"}]}]},{"family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"uranium","name":"Uranium","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":"7440-61-1","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring radioactive metal from erosion of natural deposits.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit can damage the kidneys and increase cancer risk.","measured":{"value":2.3,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.3","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"2.3"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":20,"units":"pCi/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","label":"Skinner Treatment Plant","kind":"plant","units":"pCi/L","average":{"value":2,"display":"2"},"range":{"low":0,"high":3,"display":"0–3"},"ratio":null},{"context":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","label":"Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","kind":"plant","units":"pCi/L","average":{"value":2.3,"display":"2.3"},"range":{"low":1.7,"high":2.8,"display":"1.7–2.8"},"ratio":null},{"context":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","label":"Carlsbad Desalination Plant","kind":"plant","units":"pCi/L","average":{"value":0,"display":"Not detected"},"range":{"low":null,"high":null,"display":"Not detected"},"ratio":null}],"measurements":[{"value":2.3,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.3","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"2.3"},{"value":2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"2"},{"value":2.8,"low":1.7,"high":2.8,"kind":"range","display":"1.7–2.8","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"1.7-2.8"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":3,"low":0,"high":3,"kind":"range","display":"0–3","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND-3"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]}]}],"contaminants":[{"analyteId":"haa5","name":"HAA5","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Haloacetic acids — a group of five disinfection byproducts formed when disinfectants react with organic matter.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit is associated with an increased cancer risk.","measured":{"value":10,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"10","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"10"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":10,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"10","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"10"},{"value":19,"low":0,"high":19,"kind":"range","display":"0–19","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"0.0-19.0"}]},{"analyteId":"tthm","name":"TTHM","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Total trihalomethanes — a group of four chemicals (including chloroform) formed when chlorine reacts with natural organic matter.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit is linked to liver, kidney, and central-nervous-system effects and increased cancer risk.","measured":{"value":31,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"31","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"31"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":31,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"31","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"31"},{"value":48,"low":10,"high":48,"kind":"range","display":"10–48","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"10.0-48.0"}]},{"analyteId":"fluoride","name":"Fluoride","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"16984-48-8","whatItIs":"A mineral often added to drinking water to help prevent tooth decay.","whyItMatters":"Beneficial at low levels, but long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause bone disease and tooth mottling.","measured":{"value":0.7,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.7","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.7"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","label":"Skinner Treatment Plant","kind":"plant","units":"mg/L","average":{"value":0.7,"display":"0.7"},"range":{"low":0.6,"high":0.8,"display":"0.6–0.8"},"ratio":0.2},{"context":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","label":"Carlsbad Desalination Plant","kind":"plant","units":"mg/L","average":{"value":0.692,"display":"0.692"},"range":{"low":0.606,"high":0.79,"display":"0.606–0.79"},"ratio":0.1975},{"context":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","label":"Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","kind":"plant","units":"mg/L","average":{"value":0.64,"display":"0.64"},"range":{"low":0.6,"high":0.7,"display":"0.6–0.7"},"ratio":0.175}],"measurements":[{"value":0.7,"low":0.6,"high":0.7,"kind":"range","display":"0.6–0.7","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"0.6-0.7"},{"value":0.64,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.64","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"0.64"},{"value":0.79,"low":0.606,"high":0.79,"kind":"range","display":"0.606–0.79","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","rawVerbatim":"0.606-0.790"},{"value":0.8,"low":0.6,"high":0.8,"kind":"range","display":"0.6–0.8","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"0.6-0.8"},{"value":0.7,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.7","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"0.7"},{"value":0.692,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.692","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","rawVerbatim":"0.692"}]},{"analyteId":"nitrate","name":"Nitrate","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"14797-55-8","whatItIs":"A compound from fertilizer runoff, septic systems, and erosion of natural deposits.","whyItMatters":"Levels above the federal limit can cause 'blue baby syndrome,' a serious oxygen-transport condition in infants.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":10,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","label":"Carlsbad Desalination Plant","kind":"plant","units":"mg/L","average":{"value":0,"display":"Not detected"},"range":{"low":null,"high":null,"display":"Not detected"},"ratio":0},{"context":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","label":"Skinner Treatment Plant","kind":"plant","units":"mg/L","average":{"value":0,"display":"Not detected"},"range":{"low":null,"high":null,"display":"Not detected"},"ratio":0},{"context":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","label":"Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","kind":"plant","units":"mg/L","average":{"value":0,"display":"Not detected"},"range":{"low":null,"high":null,"display":"Not detected"},"ratio":0}],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"arsenic","name":"Arsenic","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-38-2","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring element that also enters water from industry and agriculture.","whyItMatters":"A known human carcinogen; long-term exposure is linked to skin, bladder, and lung cancer.","measured":{"value":2.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.1","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"2.1"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","label":"Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","kind":"plant","units":"ug/L","average":{"value":2.1,"display":"2.1"},"range":{"low":null,"high":null,"display":"2.1"},"ratio":0.21000000000000002},{"context":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","label":"Skinner Treatment Plant","kind":"plant","units":"ug/L","average":{"value":0,"display":"Not detected"},"range":{"low":null,"high":null,"display":"Not detected"},"ratio":0},{"context":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","label":"Carlsbad Desalination Plant","kind":"plant","units":"ug/L","average":{"value":0,"display":"Not detected"},"range":{"low":null,"high":null,"display":"Not detected"},"ratio":0}],"measurements":[{"value":2.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.1","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"2.1"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":2.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.1","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"2.1"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"copper","name":"Copper","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-50-8","whatItIs":"A metal that enters water from corroding household plumbing.","whyItMatters":"Short-term exposure causes stomach distress; long-term exposure can damage the liver and kidneys.","measured":{"value":0.255,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.255","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.255"},"federalStandard":{"type":"AL","value":1.3,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.255,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.255","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"0.255"},{"value":0.255,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.255","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"0.255"}]},{"analyteId":"lead","name":"Lead","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-92-1","whatItIs":"A toxic metal that leaches into water from old service lines, solder, and plumbing fixtures.","whyItMatters":"There is no safe level of lead; it harms brain development in children and raises blood pressure in adults. The EPA sets an action level, not a health goal above zero.","measured":{"value":4,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"4","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"4.0"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":4,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"4","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"4.0"},{"value":4,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"4","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"p90","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"4.0"}]},{"analyteId":"lithium","name":"Lithium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7439-93-2","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring element found in some groundwater.","whyItMatters":"No enforceable federal limit; on the EPA contaminant candidate list for further study.","measured":{"value":37,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"37","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Test Results","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"37"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":40,"low":35,"high":40,"kind":"range","display":"35–40","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Test Results","rawVerbatim":"35-40"},{"value":37,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"37","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Test Results","rawVerbatim":"37"}]},{"analyteId":"ecoli","name":"Escherichia coli (E. coli)","family":"microbial","familyLabel":"Microbial","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Escherichia coli — bacteria found in the gut of humans and animals.","whyItMatters":"Its presence in drinking water indicates fecal contamination and a real risk of waterborne illness.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":null,"statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"total_coliform","name":"Total Coliform","family":"microbial","familyLabel":"Microbial","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A group of bacteria used as an indicator of overall water-system sanitation.","whyItMatters":"Coliforms themselves are usually harmless, but their presence signals that disease-causing organisms could enter the system.","measured":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"%","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","censored":true,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"ND"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"%","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"%","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]},{"analyteId":"chlorine_total","name":"Chlorine Total","family":"other","familyLabel":"Other","casrn":null,"whatItIs":null,"whyItMatters":null,"measured":{"value":1.78,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.78","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.78"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.1,"low":1.3,"high":2.1,"kind":"range","display":"1.3–2.1","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"1.3-2.1"},{"value":1.78,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"1.78","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"zone:VCMWD Distribution System","rawVerbatim":"1.78"}]},{"analyteId":"turbidity","name":"Turbidity","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A measure of cloudiness from suspended particles in the water.","whyItMatters":"High turbidity can shelter microbes from disinfection; the EPA enforces it through a treatment-technique standard.","measured":{"value":0.08,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.08","units":"%","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.08 100%"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","label":"Skinner Treatment Plant","kind":"plant","units":"%","average":{"value":0.07,"display":"0.07"},"range":{"low":null,"high":null,"display":"0.3"},"ratio":null},{"context":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","label":"Carlsbad Desalination Plant","kind":"plant","units":"%","average":{"value":0.08,"display":"0.08"},"range":{"low":null,"high":null,"display":"0.1"},"ratio":null},{"context":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","label":"Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","kind":"plant","units":"%","average":{"value":0.03,"display":"0.03"},"range":{"low":0,"high":0.1,"display":"0–0.1"},"ratio":null}],"measurements":[{"value":0.07,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.07","units":"%","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"0.07 100%"},{"value":0.3,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.3","units":"%","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"Highest %<0.3"},{"value":0.1,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.1","units":"%","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","rawVerbatim":"Highest % <0.1"},{"value":0.08,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.08","units":"%","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","rawVerbatim":"0.08 100%"},{"value":0.1,"low":0,"high":0.1,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.1","units":"%","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"0.02-0.087 % <0.1"},{"value":0.03,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"0.03","units":"%","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"0.03 100%"}]},{"analyteId":"uranium","name":"Uranium","family":"radionuclide","familyLabel":"Radionuclides","casrn":"7440-61-1","whatItIs":"A naturally occurring radioactive metal from erosion of natural deposits.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit can damage the kidneys and increase cancer risk.","measured":{"value":2.3,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.3","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"2.3"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":20,"units":"pCi/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[{"context":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","label":"Skinner Treatment Plant","kind":"plant","units":"pCi/L","average":{"value":2,"display":"2"},"range":{"low":0,"high":3,"display":"0–3"},"ratio":null},{"context":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","label":"Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","kind":"plant","units":"pCi/L","average":{"value":2.3,"display":"2.3"},"range":{"low":1.7,"high":2.8,"display":"1.7–2.8"},"ratio":null},{"context":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","label":"Carlsbad Desalination Plant","kind":"plant","units":"pCi/L","average":{"value":0,"display":"Not detected"},"range":{"low":null,"high":null,"display":"Not detected"},"ratio":null}],"measurements":[{"value":2.3,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2.3","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"2.3"},{"value":2,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"point","display":"2","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"2"},{"value":2.8,"low":1.7,"high":2.8,"kind":"range","display":"1.7–2.8","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Twin Oaks Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"1.7-2.8"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"average","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"},{"value":3,"low":0,"high":3,"kind":"range","display":"0–3","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Skinner Treatment Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND-3"},{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"kind":"non_detect","display":"Not detected","units":"pCi/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"plant:Carlsbad Desalination Plant","rawVerbatim":"ND"}]}]}}