{"dataset":{"name":"U.S. Drinking Water Quality — Contaminant Measurements","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","homepage":"https://www.thewatermap.com"},"meta":{"generatedAt":"2026-05-25T20:02:50.349Z"},"system":{"slug":"metro__176__thornton","name":"Thornton","state":"CO","year":2024,"url":"https://www.thewatermap.com/water/co/thornton/2024","apiUrl":"https://www.thewatermap.com/api/water/co/thornton/2024","markdownUrl":"https://www.thewatermap.com/water/co/thornton/2024/llms.txt","coordinates":{"latitude":39.8695516,"longitude":-104.985181},"contaminantsMeasured":19,"contaminantsWithFederalLimit":12,"contaminantsAtOrAboveLimit":2,"contaminantsApproachingLimit":0,"source":{"type":"Consumer Confidence Report (CCR)","description":"Figures are transcribed from the water utility's own annual Consumer Confidence Report, cross-checked by a second model, and approved by a person before publishing."},"families":[{"family":"disinfectant","familyLabel":"Disinfectants","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"chlorine","name":"Chlorine","family":"disinfectant","familyLabel":"Disinfectants","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A disinfectant added to drinking water to kill bacteria and viruses.","whyItMatters":"Effective and necessary, but high residual levels can cause taste and odor issues; the EPA caps the residual disinfectant level.","measured":{"value":2.9,"low":1.7,"high":2.9,"kind":"range","display":"1.7–2.9","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.7 - 3.9\nRAA = 2.9"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCLG","value":4,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.9,"low":1.7,"high":2.9,"kind":"range","display":"1.7–2.9","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"1.7 - 3.9\nRAA = 2.9"}]}]},{"family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"bromate","name":"Bromate","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":"15541-45-4","whatItIs":"A disinfection byproduct formed when bromide-containing water is treated with ozone.","whyItMatters":"Classified as a probable human carcinogen; the EPA sets a strict maximum contaminant level.","measured":{"value":0,"low":0,"high":0,"kind":"range","display":"0–0","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0 - 2.3\nLRAA = 0"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCLG","value":0,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":0,"high":0,"kind":"range","display":"0–0","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0 - 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The EPA sets an action level, not a health goal above zero.","measured":{"value":90,"low":0,"high":90,"kind":"range","display":"0–90","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0 - 45.1\n90% samples ≤ 1.5\nOne site >15\nSample size = 52"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":90,"low":0,"high":90,"kind":"range","display":"0–90","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0 - 45.1\n90% samples ≤ 1.5\nOne site >15\nSample size = 52"}]},{"analyteId":"selenium","name":"Selenium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7782-49-2","whatItIs":"A trace element from natural deposits and industrial discharge.","whyItMatters":"Essential in tiny amounts, but long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause hair and fingernail loss and circulatory problems.","measured":{"value":1.3,"low":0.8,"high":1.3,"kind":"range","display":"0.8–1.3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.8 - 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0.3"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.3,"low":0.1,"high":0.3,"kind":"range","display":"0.1–0.3","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.1 - 0.3"}]},{"analyteId":"pfbs","name":"Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"375-73-5","whatItIs":"Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Has no standalone limit but is part of the EPA PFAS Hazard Index that limits PFAS in combination.","measured":{"value":0.3,"low":0.1,"high":0.3,"kind":"range","display":"0.1–0.3","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.1 - 0.3"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.3,"low":0.1,"high":0.3,"kind":"range","display":"0.1–0.3","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.1 - 0.3"}]},{"analyteId":"pfhxs","name":"Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"355-46-4","whatItIs":"Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Regulated by the EPA at 10 parts per trillion and included in the PFAS Hazard Index.","measured":{"value":0.3,"low":0.1,"high":0.3,"kind":"range","display":"0.1–0.3","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.1 - 0.3"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.3,"low":0.1,"high":0.3,"kind":"range","display":"0.1–0.3","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.1 - 0.3"}]},{"analyteId":"pfna","name":"Perfluorononanoic acid","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"375-95-1","whatItIs":"Perfluorononanoic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.'","whyItMatters":"Regulated by the EPA at 10 parts per trillion and included in the PFAS Hazard Index.","measured":{"value":0.3,"low":0.1,"high":0.3,"kind":"range","display":"0.1–0.3","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.1 - 0.3"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.3,"low":0.1,"high":0.3,"kind":"range","display":"0.1–0.3","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.1 - 0.3"}]},{"analyteId":"pfoa","name":"PFOA","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"335-67-1","whatItIs":"Perfluorooctanoic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical' once used in nonstick and stain-resistant products.","whyItMatters":"Linked to cancer, liver damage, and immune effects; the EPA set an enforceable limit of 4 parts per trillion.","measured":{"value":3,"low":0,"high":3,"kind":"range","display":"0–3","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0 - 3.9 / RAA = 0.4 - 3.0"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCLG","value":0,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":3,"low":0,"high":3,"kind":"range","display":"0–3","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0 - 3.9 / RAA = 0.4 - 3.0"}]},{"analyteId":"pfos","name":"PFOS","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"1763-23-1","whatItIs":"Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical' once used in firefighting foam and coatings.","whyItMatters":"Linked to cancer, thyroid disease, and immune effects; the EPA set an enforceable limit of 4 parts per trillion.","measured":{"value":1.9,"low":0,"high":1.9,"kind":"range","display":"0–1.9","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0 - 2.5 / RAA = 0 - 1.9"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCLG","value":0,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":1.9,"low":0,"high":1.9,"kind":"range","display":"0–1.9","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0 - 2.5 / RAA = 0 - 1.9"}]}]},{"family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","contaminants":[{"analyteId":"toc","name":"TOC","family":"physical_aggregate","familyLabel":"Physical & aggregate","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Total organic carbon — a measure of organic material dissolved in the water.","whyItMatters":"Not harmful itself, but it is the raw material that forms disinfection byproducts; removal is a treatment requirement.","measured":{"value":1.8,"low":0.8,"high":1.8,"kind":"range","display":"0.8–1.8","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.8 - 2.2\nRAA = 1.8"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":1.8,"low":0.8,"high":1.8,"kind":"range","display":"0.8–1.8","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.8 - 2.2\nRAA = 1.8"}]}]}],"contaminants":[{"analyteId":"chlorine","name":"Chlorine","family":"disinfectant","familyLabel":"Disinfectants","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"A disinfectant added to drinking water to kill bacteria and viruses.","whyItMatters":"Effective and necessary, but high residual levels can cause taste and odor issues; the EPA caps the residual disinfectant level.","measured":{"value":2.9,"low":1.7,"high":2.9,"kind":"range","display":"1.7–2.9","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"1.7 - 3.9\nRAA = 2.9"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCLG","value":4,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":2.9,"low":1.7,"high":2.9,"kind":"range","display":"1.7–2.9","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"1.7 - 3.9\nRAA = 2.9"}]},{"analyteId":"bromate","name":"Bromate","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":"15541-45-4","whatItIs":"A disinfection byproduct formed when bromide-containing water is treated with ozone.","whyItMatters":"Classified as a probable human carcinogen; the EPA sets a strict maximum contaminant level.","measured":{"value":0,"low":0,"high":0,"kind":"range","display":"0–0","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0 - 2.3\nLRAA = 0"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCLG","value":0,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"none","label":"None detected"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0,"low":0,"high":0,"kind":"range","display":"0–0","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0 - 2.3\nLRAA = 0"}]},{"analyteId":"haa5","name":"HAA5","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Haloacetic acids — a group of five disinfection byproducts formed when disinfectants react with organic matter.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit is associated with an increased cancer risk.","measured":{"value":9,"low":4.8,"high":9,"kind":"range","display":"4.8–9","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"4.8 - 12.9\nLRAA = 6.1 - 9.0"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCLG","value":0,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":9,"low":4.8,"high":9,"kind":"range","display":"4.8–9","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"4.8 - 12.9\nLRAA = 6.1 - 9.0"}]},{"analyteId":"tthm","name":"TTHM","family":"disinfection_byproduct","familyLabel":"Disinfection byproducts","casrn":null,"whatItIs":"Total trihalomethanes — a group of four chemicals (including chloroform) formed when chlorine reacts with natural organic matter.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit is linked to liver, kidney, and central-nervous-system effects and increased cancer risk.","measured":{"value":36.3,"low":17.4,"high":36.3,"kind":"range","display":"17.4–36.3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"17.4 - 50.7\nLRAA = 24.5 - 36.3"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCLG","value":0,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":36.3,"low":17.4,"high":36.3,"kind":"range","display":"17.4–36.3","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"17.4 - 50.7\nLRAA = 24.5 - 36.3"}]},{"analyteId":"fluoride","name":"Fluoride","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"16984-48-8","whatItIs":"A mineral often added to drinking water to help prevent tooth decay.","whyItMatters":"Beneficial at low levels, but long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause bone disease and tooth mottling.","measured":{"value":0.8,"low":0.5,"high":0.8,"kind":"range","display":"0.5–0.8","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.5 - 0.8"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":4,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.8,"low":0.5,"high":0.8,"kind":"range","display":"0.5–0.8","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.5 - 0.8"}]},{"analyteId":"nitrate","name":"Nitrate","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"14797-55-8","whatItIs":"A compound from fertilizer runoff, septic systems, and erosion of natural deposits.","whyItMatters":"Levels above the federal limit can cause 'blue baby syndrome,' a serious oxygen-transport condition in infants.","measured":{"value":0.8,"low":0.1,"high":0.8,"kind":"range","display":"0.1–0.8","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0.1 - 0.8"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":10,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.8,"low":0.1,"high":0.8,"kind":"range","display":"0.1–0.8","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.1 - 0.8"}]},{"analyteId":"nitrite","name":"Nitrite","family":"inorganic","familyLabel":"Inorganic chemicals","casrn":"14797-65-0","whatItIs":"A compound from fertilizer runoff, sewage, and erosion of natural deposits.","whyItMatters":"Like nitrate, elevated levels can cause 'blue baby syndrome' in infants.","measured":{"value":0.05,"low":0,"high":0.05,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.05","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0 - 0.05"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":1,"units":"mg/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"under","label":"Within the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.05,"low":0,"high":0.05,"kind":"range","display":"0–0.05","units":"mg/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0 - 0.05"}]},{"analyteId":"barium","name":"Barium","family":"metal","familyLabel":"Metals","casrn":"7440-39-3","whatItIs":"A metal from erosion of natural deposits and industrial discharge.","whyItMatters":"Long-term exposure above the federal limit can raise blood pressure.","measured":{"value":52,"low":43,"high":52,"kind":"range","display":"43–52","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"43 - 52"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCL","value":2,"units":"ug/L","enforceable":true},"status":{"key":"over","label":"At or above the limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":52,"low":43,"high":52,"kind":"range","display":"43–52","units":"ug/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"43 - 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0.3"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":0.3,"low":0.1,"high":0.3,"kind":"range","display":"0.1–0.3","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.1 - 0.3"}]},{"analyteId":"pfoa","name":"PFOA","family":"pfas","familyLabel":"PFAS (\"forever chemicals\")","casrn":"335-67-1","whatItIs":"Perfluorooctanoic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical' once used in nonstick and stain-resistant products.","whyItMatters":"Linked to cancer, liver damage, and immune effects; the EPA set an enforceable limit of 4 parts per trillion.","measured":{"value":3,"low":0,"high":3,"kind":"range","display":"0–3","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","censored":false,"detectionLimit":null,"rawVerbatim":"0 - 3.9 / RAA = 0.4 - 3.0"},"federalStandard":{"type":"MCLG","value":0,"units":"ng/L","enforceable":false},"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":3,"low":0,"high":3,"kind":"range","display":"0–3","units":"ng/L","statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0 - 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2.2\nRAA = 1.8"},"federalStandard":null,"status":{"key":"detected","label":"Detected — no federal limit"},"breakdowns":[],"measurements":[{"value":1.8,"low":0.8,"high":1.8,"kind":"range","display":"0.8–1.8","units":null,"statisticType":"range","samplingContext":"system","rawVerbatim":"0.8 - 2.2\nRAA = 1.8"}]}]}}