# Avenal, City of — Avenal, Ca, CA — Drinking Water Quality (2023)

> Contaminant levels for the Avenal, City of — Avenal, Ca, CA public water system from its 2023 Consumer Confidence Report, compared to federal limits.

- Page: https://www.thewatermap.com/water/ca/avenal-avenal-ca/2023
- JSON API: https://www.thewatermap.com/api/water/ca/avenal-avenal-ca/2023
- Source: the utility's annual Consumer Confidence Report (CCR)
- Verification: transcribed by a model, cross-checked by a second model, approved before publishing
- Reporting year: 2023
- Contaminants measured: 18
- Contaminants with a federal limit: 8
- Contaminants at or above the federal limit: 1
- Part of The Water Map — https://www.thewatermap.com

## Contaminants measured

| Contaminant | Category | Measured level | Sampling context | Federal limit | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chloramine | Disinfectants | 0.9–3 mg/L (Range) | of Detection s | 4 mg/L (MCL) | Within the limit |
| Chlorate | Disinfection byproducts | 210–660 ug/L (Range) | System-wide | 800 ug/L (NL) | Detected — no federal limit |
| HAA5 | Disinfection byproducts | 25.17–49.2 ug/L (Range) | System-wide | No federal limit | Approaching the limit |
| TTHM | Disinfection byproducts | 38–92 ug/L (Range) | of Detection s | No federal limit | At or above the limit |
| Aluminum | Metals | 77 ug/L (Reported level) | System-wide | No federal limit | Detected — no federal limit |
| Calcium | Metals | 16 mg/L (Reported level) | System-wide | No federal limit | Detected — no federal limit |
| Chromium, Hexavalent | Metals | 0.094 ug/L (Range) | of Detection s | No federal limit | Detected — no federal limit |
| Copper | Metals | 0.533 mg/L (90th percentile) | At the tap | 1.3 mg/L (Action level) | Within the limit |
| Lead | Metals | 0 ug/L (90th percentile) | At the tap | No federal limit | Within the limit |
| Magnesium | Metals | 8.9 (Reported level) | System-wide | No federal limit | Detected — no federal limit |
| Potassium | Metals | 2.3 mg/L (Range) | System-wide | No federal limit | Detected — no federal limit |
| Strontium | Metals | 275–345 ug/L (Range) | System-wide | 1500 ug/L (NL) | Detected — no federal limit |
| Vanadium | Metals | 2.2–3.4 ug/L (Range) | System-wide | 15 ug/L (NL) | Detected — no federal limit |
| Escherichia coli (E. coli) | Microbial | 0 (Highest single sample) | No. of Detections | 0 (MCLG) | None detected |
| Chlorine Free | Other | 0.03–1.7 mg/L (Range) | of Detection s | 4 mg/L (MCL) | Within the limit |
| Turbidity | Physical & aggregate | 0.29 NTU (Reported level) | System-wide | No federal limit | Within the limit |
| Gross Alpha | Radionuclides | Not detected pCi/L (Range) | of Detection s | 15 pCi/L (MCL) | None detected |
| Gross Beta Particle Activity | Radionuclides | Not detected pCi/L (Range) | of Detection s | No federal limit | None detected |

## What these contaminants are

- **Chloramine** — A longer-lasting disinfectant made by combining chlorine with ammonia. Holds disinfection further into the pipe network, but is regulated under the same residual-disinfectant cap as chlorine.
- **Chlorate** — A byproduct that can form during disinfection, especially when hypochlorite solutions degrade. Has no enforceable federal limit but is on the EPA contaminant candidate list; high levels can affect the thyroid.
- **HAA5** — Haloacetic acids — a group of five disinfection byproducts formed when disinfectants react with organic matter. Long-term exposure above the federal limit is associated with an increased cancer risk.
- **TTHM** — Total trihalomethanes — a group of four chemicals (including chloroform) formed when chlorine reacts with natural organic matter. Long-term exposure above the federal limit is linked to liver, kidney, and central-nervous-system effects and increased cancer risk.
- **Aluminum** — A common element sometimes used as a treatment coagulant. Regulated only as a secondary (cosmetic) standard; high levels can discolor water.
- **Calcium** — A naturally occurring mineral that contributes to water hardness. Not federally regulated for health; affects scaling and taste.
- **Chromium, Hexavalent** — Hexavalent chromium ('chromium-6') — the more toxic form of chromium. A known carcinogen by inhalation; regulated nationally only within the total-chromium limit, with stricter limits in some states.
- **Copper** — A metal that enters water from corroding household plumbing. Short-term exposure causes stomach distress; long-term exposure can damage the liver and kidneys.
- **Lead** — A toxic metal that leaches into water from old service lines, solder, and plumbing fixtures. There is no safe level of lead; it harms brain development in children and raises blood pressure in adults. The EPA sets an action level, not a health goal above zero.
- **Magnesium** — A naturally occurring mineral that contributes to water hardness. Not federally regulated for health; affects scaling and taste.
- **Potassium** — A naturally occurring mineral from rock and soil. Not federally regulated for health.
- **Escherichia coli (E. coli)** — Escherichia coli — bacteria found in the gut of humans and animals. Its presence in drinking water indicates fecal contamination and a real risk of waterborne illness.
- **Turbidity** — A measure of cloudiness from suspended particles in the water. High turbidity can shelter microbes from disinfection; the EPA enforces it through a treatment-technique standard.
- **Gross Alpha** — Gross alpha particle activity — a combined measure of alpha-emitting radioactive substances. Long-term exposure above the federal limit increases cancer risk.
- **Gross Beta Particle Activity** — Gross beta particle activity — a combined measure of beta-emitting radioactive substances. Long-term exposure above the federal screening level increases cancer risk.

## How to read this

- A water-quality report covers an entire service area, not a single address.
- 'Federal limit' is the EPA standard (MCL, action level, treatment technique, etc.) that the measured level is compared against.
- 'At or above the federal limit' means the utility's own reported figure met or exceeded that standard.

_Figures are the utility's own published numbers. Generated 2026-06-04 from thewatermap.com._