# Cal Am - Lincoln Oaks — Sacramento, Ca, CA — Drinking Water Quality (2023)

> Contaminant levels for the Cal Am - Lincoln Oaks — Sacramento, Ca, CA public water system from its 2023 Consumer Confidence Report, compared to federal limits.

- Page: https://www.thewatermap.com/water/ca/cal-am-lincoln-oaks-sacramento-ca/2023
- JSON API: https://www.thewatermap.com/api/water/ca/cal-am-lincoln-oaks-sacramento-ca/2023
- Source: the utility's annual Consumer Confidence Report (CCR)
- Verification: transcribed by a model, cross-checked by a second model, approved before publishing
- Reporting year: 2023
- Contaminants measured: 21
- Contaminants with a federal limit: 10
- Contaminants at or above the federal limit: 0
- Part of The Water Map — https://www.thewatermap.com

## Contaminants measured

| Contaminant | Category | Measured level | Sampling context | Federal limit | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HAA5 | Disinfection byproducts | 34 ug/L (Running annual avg) | System-wide | No federal limit | Within the limit |
| Perchlorate | Disinfection byproducts | 0.25 ug/L (Average) | Lincoln Oaks | No federal limit | Detected — no federal limit |
| TTHM | Disinfection byproducts | 37 ug/L (Running annual avg) | System-wide | No federal limit | Within the limit |
| Fluoride | Inorganic chemicals | 0.19 mg/L (Average) | Lincoln Oaks | 4 mg/L (MCL) | Within the limit |
| Nitrate | Inorganic chemicals | 2.1 mg/L (Average) | Lincoln Oaks | 10 mg/L (MCL) | Within the limit |
| Aluminum | Metals | 6.4 ug/L (Average) | Lincoln Oaks | No federal limit | Detected — no federal limit |
| Barium | Metals | 0.03 mg/L (Average) | Lincoln Oaks | 2 mg/L (MCL) | Within the limit |
| Chromium, Hexavalent | Metals | 3.5 ug/L (Average) | Lincoln Oaks | No federal limit | Detected — no federal limit |
| Copper | Metals | 0.3 mg/L (90th percentile) | At the tap | 0.3 mg/L (Public health goal) | Within the limit |
| Germanium | Metals | 0.27 ug/L (Average) | Lincoln Oaks | No federal limit | Detected — no federal limit |
| Lead | Metals | 1 ug/L (90th percentile) | At the tap | 0.2 ug/L (Public health goal) | Within the limit |
| Lithium | Metals | 27 ug/L (Average) | Lincoln Oaks | No federal limit | Detected — no federal limit |
| Manganese | Metals | 20 ug/L (Average) | Lincoln Oaks | No federal limit | Detected — no federal limit |
| Chlorine Total | Other | 0.75 mg/L (Reported level) | System-wide | 4 mg/L (MRDLG) | Within the limit |
| Perfluoroheptanoic acid | PFAS ("forever chemicals") | 0.1 ng/L (Average) | Lincoln Oaks | No federal limit | Detected — no federal limit |
| TOC | Physical & aggregate | 1.38 mg/L (Range) | Range Detected | No federal limit | Detected — no federal limit |
| Turbidity | Physical & aggregate | 0.026 NTU (Reported level) | System-wide | No federal limit | Within the limit |
| Combined Radium | Radionuclides | 0.05 pCi/L (Average) | Lincoln Oaks | 5 pCi/L (MCL) | Within the limit |
| Gross Alpha | Radionuclides | 0.9 pCi/L (Average) | Lincoln Oaks | 15 pCi/L (MCL) | Within the limit |
| Uranium | Radionuclides | 0.61 pCi/L (Average) | Lincoln Oaks | 20 pCi/L (MCL) | Detected — no federal limit |
| Tetrachloroethylene | VOCs & pesticides | 0.37 ug/L (Average) | Lincoln Oaks | 5 ug/L (MCL) | Within the limit |

## What these contaminants are

- **HAA5** — Haloacetic acids — a group of five disinfection byproducts formed when disinfectants react with organic matter. Long-term exposure above the federal limit is associated with an increased cancer risk.
- **Perchlorate** — A chemical used in rocket fuel and fireworks that can also form during disinfection. Can interfere with thyroid hormone production; has no national enforceable limit but is regulated in some states.
- **TTHM** — Total trihalomethanes — a group of four chemicals (including chloroform) formed when chlorine reacts with natural organic matter. Long-term exposure above the federal limit is linked to liver, kidney, and central-nervous-system effects and increased cancer risk.
- **Fluoride** — A mineral often added to drinking water to help prevent tooth decay. Beneficial at low levels, but long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause bone disease and tooth mottling.
- **Nitrate** — A compound from fertilizer runoff, septic systems, and erosion of natural deposits. Levels above the federal limit can cause 'blue baby syndrome,' a serious oxygen-transport condition in infants.
- **Aluminum** — A common element sometimes used as a treatment coagulant. Regulated only as a secondary (cosmetic) standard; high levels can discolor water.
- **Barium** — A metal from erosion of natural deposits and industrial discharge. Long-term exposure above the federal limit can raise blood pressure.
- **Chromium, Hexavalent** — Hexavalent chromium ('chromium-6') — the more toxic form of chromium. A known carcinogen by inhalation; regulated nationally only within the total-chromium limit, with stricter limits in some states.
- **Copper** — A metal that enters water from corroding household plumbing. Short-term exposure causes stomach distress; long-term exposure can damage the liver and kidneys.
- **Germanium** — A trace metalloid found in some source water. Not federally regulated; monitored occasionally as a trace element.
- **Lead** — A toxic metal that leaches into water from old service lines, solder, and plumbing fixtures. There is no safe level of lead; it harms brain development in children and raises blood pressure in adults. The EPA sets an action level, not a health goal above zero.
- **Lithium** — A naturally occurring element found in some groundwater. No enforceable federal limit; on the EPA contaminant candidate list for further study.
- **Manganese** — A naturally occurring metal from soil and rock. No enforceable federal limit; high levels stain fixtures and laundry and can affect taste, with a health advisory for infants.
- **Perfluoroheptanoic acid** — Perfluoroheptanoic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.' Monitored under EPA rules; persistent in the environment.
- **TOC** — Total organic carbon — a measure of organic material dissolved in the water. Not harmful itself, but it is the raw material that forms disinfection byproducts; removal is a treatment requirement.
- **Turbidity** — A measure of cloudiness from suspended particles in the water. High turbidity can shelter microbes from disinfection; the EPA enforces it through a treatment-technique standard.
- **Combined Radium** — Combined radium-226 and radium-228 — naturally occurring radioactive elements. Long-term exposure above the federal limit increases the risk of bone cancer.
- **Gross Alpha** — Gross alpha particle activity — a combined measure of alpha-emitting radioactive substances. Long-term exposure above the federal limit increases cancer risk.
- **Uranium** — A naturally occurring radioactive metal from erosion of natural deposits. Long-term exposure above the federal limit can damage the kidneys and increase cancer risk.
- **Tetrachloroethylene** — An industrial solvent (PCE) used in dry cleaning and degreasing. A likely human carcinogen; long-term exposure above the federal limit can damage the liver and kidneys.

## How to read this

- A water-quality report covers an entire service area, not a single address.
- 'Federal limit' is the EPA standard (MCL, action level, treatment technique, etc.) that the measured level is compared against.
- 'At or above the federal limit' means the utility's own reported figure met or exceeded that standard.

_Figures are the utility's own published numbers. Generated 2026-06-04 from thewatermap.com._