# California State Prison - Solano — Vacaville, Ca, CA — Drinking Water Quality (2023)

> Contaminant levels for the California State Prison - Solano — Vacaville, Ca, CA public water system from its 2023 Consumer Confidence Report, compared to federal limits.

- Page: https://www.thewatermap.com/water/ca/california-state-prison-solano-vacaville-ca/2023
- JSON API: https://www.thewatermap.com/api/water/ca/california-state-prison-solano-vacaville-ca/2023
- Source: the utility's annual Consumer Confidence Report (CCR)
- Verification: transcribed by a model, cross-checked by a second model, approved before publishing
- Reporting year: 2023
- Contaminants measured: 18
- Contaminants with a federal limit: 6
- Contaminants at or above the federal limit: 0
- Part of The Water Map — https://www.thewatermap.com

## Contaminants measured

| Contaminant | Category | Measured level | Sampling context | Federal limit | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorine | Disinfectants | 1.11 mg/L (Average) | System-wide | 4 mg/L (MCL) | Within the limit |
| HAA5 | Disinfection byproducts | 13 ug/L (Average) | System-wide | No federal limit | Within the limit |
| TTHM | Disinfection byproducts | 29 ug/L (Average) | System-wide | No federal limit | Within the limit |
| Fluoride | Inorganic chemicals | 0.75 mg/L (Average) | Vwtp | 4 mg/L (MCL) | Within the limit |
| Nitrate | Inorganic chemicals | 1.4 mg/L (Average) | 2023-2024 Groundwater | 10 mg/L (MCL) | Within the limit |
| Aluminum | Metals | 0.04 mg/L (Average) | Nbr | No federal limit | Detected — no federal limit |
| Arsenic | Metals | 4.8 ug/L (Average) | 2023-2024 Groundwater | No federal limit | Within the limit |
| Barium | Metals | 0.1 mg/L (Average) | 2023-2024 Groundwater | 2 mg/L (MCL) | Within the limit |
| Chromium, Hexavalent | Metals | 14 ug/L (Average) | Source water | 0.02 ug/L (Public health goal) | Detected — no federal limit |
| Chromium, Total | Metals | 19 ug/L (Average) | 2023-2024 Groundwater | No federal limit | Within the limit |
| Lithium | Metals | 28 ug/L (Average) | Source water | No federal limit | Detected — no federal limit |
| Selenium | Metals | 2.3 ug/L (Average) | 2023-2024 Groundwater | No federal limit | Within the limit |
| Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid | PFAS ("forever chemicals") | 0.001 ug/L (Average) | Source water | No federal limit | Detected — no federal limit |
| Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid | PFAS ("forever chemicals") | 0.002 ug/L (Average) | Source water | No federal limit | Within the limit |
| PFOA | PFAS ("forever chemicals") | Not detected ug/L (Average) | Source water | No federal limit | Within the limit |
| PFOS | PFAS ("forever chemicals") | 0.002 ug/L (Average) | Source water | No federal limit | Within the limit |
| TOC | Physical & aggregate | 2.1 mg/L (Average) | System-wide | No federal limit | Detected — no federal limit |
| Gross Alpha | Radionuclides | 3.1 pCi/L (Average) | 2020 Groundwater | 15 pCi/L (MCL) | Within the limit |

## What these contaminants are

- **Chlorine** — A disinfectant added to drinking water to kill bacteria and viruses. Effective and necessary, but high residual levels can cause taste and odor issues; the EPA caps the residual disinfectant level.
- **HAA5** — Haloacetic acids — a group of five disinfection byproducts formed when disinfectants react with organic matter. Long-term exposure above the federal limit is associated with an increased cancer risk.
- **TTHM** — Total trihalomethanes — a group of four chemicals (including chloroform) formed when chlorine reacts with natural organic matter. Long-term exposure above the federal limit is linked to liver, kidney, and central-nervous-system effects and increased cancer risk.
- **Fluoride** — A mineral often added to drinking water to help prevent tooth decay. Beneficial at low levels, but long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause bone disease and tooth mottling.
- **Nitrate** — A compound from fertilizer runoff, septic systems, and erosion of natural deposits. Levels above the federal limit can cause 'blue baby syndrome,' a serious oxygen-transport condition in infants.
- **Aluminum** — A common element sometimes used as a treatment coagulant. Regulated only as a secondary (cosmetic) standard; high levels can discolor water.
- **Arsenic** — A naturally occurring element that also enters water from industry and agriculture. A known human carcinogen; long-term exposure is linked to skin, bladder, and lung cancer.
- **Barium** — A metal from erosion of natural deposits and industrial discharge. Long-term exposure above the federal limit can raise blood pressure.
- **Chromium, Hexavalent** — Hexavalent chromium ('chromium-6') — the more toxic form of chromium. A known carcinogen by inhalation; regulated nationally only within the total-chromium limit, with stricter limits in some states.
- **Chromium, Total** — Total chromium — the sum of all chromium forms, from natural deposits and industrial discharge. Long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause allergic dermatitis; includes hexavalent chromium.
- **Lithium** — A naturally occurring element found in some groundwater. No enforceable federal limit; on the EPA contaminant candidate list for further study.
- **Selenium** — A trace element from natural deposits and industrial discharge. Essential in tiny amounts, but long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause hair and fingernail loss and circulatory problems.
- **Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid** — Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.' Has no standalone limit but is part of the EPA PFAS Hazard Index that limits PFAS in combination.
- **Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid** — Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.' Regulated by the EPA at 10 parts per trillion and included in the PFAS Hazard Index.
- **PFOA** — Perfluorooctanoic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical' once used in nonstick and stain-resistant products. Linked to cancer, liver damage, and immune effects; the EPA set an enforceable limit of 4 parts per trillion.
- **PFOS** — Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical' once used in firefighting foam and coatings. Linked to cancer, thyroid disease, and immune effects; the EPA set an enforceable limit of 4 parts per trillion.
- **TOC** — Total organic carbon — a measure of organic material dissolved in the water. Not harmful itself, but it is the raw material that forms disinfection byproducts; removal is a treatment requirement.
- **Gross Alpha** — Gross alpha particle activity — a combined measure of alpha-emitting radioactive substances. Long-term exposure above the federal limit increases cancer risk.

## How to read this

- A water-quality report covers an entire service area, not a single address.
- 'Federal limit' is the EPA standard (MCL, action level, treatment technique, etc.) that the measured level is compared against.
- 'At or above the federal limit' means the utility's own reported figure met or exceeded that standard.

_Figures are the utility's own published numbers. Generated 2026-06-04 from thewatermap.com._