# Saint Paul, MN — Drinking Water Quality (2024)

> Contaminant levels for the Saint Paul, MN public water system from its 2024 Consumer Confidence Report, compared to federal limits.

- Page: https://www.thewatermap.com/water/mn/saint-paul/2024
- JSON API: https://www.thewatermap.com/api/water/mn/saint-paul/2024
- Source: the utility's annual Consumer Confidence Report (CCR)
- Verification: transcribed by a model, cross-checked by a second model, approved before publishing
- Reporting year: 2024
- Contaminants measured: 20
- Contaminants with a federal limit: 15
- Contaminants at or above the federal limit: 2
- Part of The Water Map — https://www.thewatermap.com

## Contaminants measured

| Contaminant | Category | Measured level | Sampling context | Federal limit | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorine | Disinfectants | 2.56–3.11 mg/L (Range) | Range Detected | 4 mg/L (MCL) | Within the limit |
| HAA5 | Disinfection byproducts | 16.1–43 ug/L (Range) | Range Detected | 60 ug/L (MCL) | Within the limit |
| TTHM | Disinfection byproducts | 28.1–52.3 ug/L (Range) | Range Detected | 80 ug/L (MCL) | Within the limit |
| Fluoride | Inorganic chemicals | 0.67–0.74 mg/L (Range) | Range Detected | 4 mg/L (MCL) | Within the limit |
| Nitrate | Inorganic chemicals | 0.08 mg/L (Highest single sample) | Average or Single Test Result | 10 mg/L (MCL) | Within the limit |
| Sulfate | Inorganic chemicals | 21.3 (Maximum) | Average Results or Highest Single Test Result | 500 (MCL) | Within the limit |
| Copper | Metals | 0.05 mg/L (90th percentile) | At the tap | 90 mg/L (Action level) | Within the limit |
| Lead | Metals | 11.9 ug/L (90th percentile) | At the tap | 90 ug/L (Action level) | Within the limit |
| Sodium | Metals | 26.6 (Maximum) | Average Results or Highest Single Test Result | 20 (MCL) | At or above the limit |
| Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid | PFAS ("forever chemicals") | 0–2.2 (Range) | of Detected Test Results | 100 (MCL) | Within the limit |
| Perfluoroheptanoic acid | PFAS ("forever chemicals") | 0–1.5 (Range) | of Detected Test Results | No federal limit | Detected — no federal limit |
| Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid | PFAS ("forever chemicals") | 0–1.9 (Range) | of Detected Test Results | 47 (MCL) | Within the limit |
| Perfluorohexanoic acid | PFAS ("forever chemicals") | 0–2.2 (Range) | of Detected Test Results | 200 (MCL) | Within the limit |
| Perfluorononanoic acid | PFAS ("forever chemicals") | 0–0.37 (Range) | of Detected Test Results | No federal limit | Detected — no federal limit |
| Perfluoropentanoic acid | PFAS ("forever chemicals") | 0–2.9 (Range) | of Detected Test Results | No federal limit | Detected — no federal limit |
| PFBA | PFAS ("forever chemicals") | 13.1–26 (Range) | of Detected Test Results | 7000 (MCL) | Within the limit |
| PFOA | PFAS ("forever chemicals") | 0–2.8 (Range) | of Detected Test Results | 0.0079 (MCL) | At or above the limit |
| PFOS | PFAS ("forever chemicals") | 0–1.8 (Range) | of Detected Test Results | 2.3 (MCL) | Within the limit |
| TOC | Physical & aggregate | 48 (Average) | Percent of Removal Achieved | No federal limit | Detected — no federal limit |
| Turbidity | Physical & aggregate | 0.142 NTU (Maximum) | Test Result | No federal limit | Detected — no federal limit |

## What these contaminants are

- **Chlorine** — A disinfectant added to drinking water to kill bacteria and viruses. Effective and necessary, but high residual levels can cause taste and odor issues; the EPA caps the residual disinfectant level.
- **HAA5** — Haloacetic acids — a group of five disinfection byproducts formed when disinfectants react with organic matter. Long-term exposure above the federal limit is associated with an increased cancer risk.
- **TTHM** — Total trihalomethanes — a group of four chemicals (including chloroform) formed when chlorine reacts with natural organic matter. Long-term exposure above the federal limit is linked to liver, kidney, and central-nervous-system effects and increased cancer risk.
- **Fluoride** — A mineral often added to drinking water to help prevent tooth decay. Beneficial at low levels, but long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause bone disease and tooth mottling.
- **Nitrate** — A compound from fertilizer runoff, septic systems, and erosion of natural deposits. Levels above the federal limit can cause 'blue baby syndrome,' a serious oxygen-transport condition in infants.
- **Sulfate** — A naturally occurring mineral from rock and soil. No health-based federal limit; high levels can have a laxative effect and a bitter taste.
- **Copper** — A metal that enters water from corroding household plumbing. Short-term exposure causes stomach distress; long-term exposure can damage the liver and kidneys.
- **Lead** — A toxic metal that leaches into water from old service lines, solder, and plumbing fixtures. There is no safe level of lead; it harms brain development in children and raises blood pressure in adults. The EPA sets an action level, not a health goal above zero.
- **Sodium** — A naturally occurring salt component. Not federally regulated for health; relevant for people on sodium-restricted diets.
- **Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid** — Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.' Has no standalone limit but is part of the EPA PFAS Hazard Index that limits PFAS in combination.
- **Perfluoroheptanoic acid** — Perfluoroheptanoic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.' Monitored under EPA rules; persistent in the environment.
- **Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid** — Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.' Regulated by the EPA at 10 parts per trillion and included in the PFAS Hazard Index.
- **Perfluorohexanoic acid** — Perfluorohexanoic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.' Monitored under EPA rules; persistent and widely detected.
- **Perfluorononanoic acid** — Perfluorononanoic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.' Regulated by the EPA at 10 parts per trillion and included in the PFAS Hazard Index.
- **Perfluoropentanoic acid** — Perfluoropentanoic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.' Monitored under EPA rules; persistent in the environment.
- **PFBA** — Perfluorobutanoic acid, a shorter-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.' Monitored under EPA rules; persistent in the environment and the human body.
- **PFOA** — Perfluorooctanoic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical' once used in nonstick and stain-resistant products. Linked to cancer, liver damage, and immune effects; the EPA set an enforceable limit of 4 parts per trillion.
- **PFOS** — Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical' once used in firefighting foam and coatings. Linked to cancer, thyroid disease, and immune effects; the EPA set an enforceable limit of 4 parts per trillion.
- **TOC** — Total organic carbon — a measure of organic material dissolved in the water. Not harmful itself, but it is the raw material that forms disinfection byproducts; removal is a treatment requirement.
- **Turbidity** — A measure of cloudiness from suspended particles in the water. High turbidity can shelter microbes from disinfection; the EPA enforces it through a treatment-technique standard.

## How to read this

- A water-quality report covers an entire service area, not a single address.
- 'Federal limit' is the EPA standard (MCL, action level, treatment technique, etc.) that the measured level is compared against.
- 'At or above the federal limit' means the utility's own reported figure met or exceeded that standard.

_Figures are the utility's own published numbers. Generated 2026-05-25 from thewatermap.com._