What's in Hawthorne-city Water Dept. — San Jose, Ca, CA tap water

33 contaminants were measured in the Hawthorne-city Water Dept. — San Jose, Ca, CA water system's 2023 annual report. Each is shown below against its federal limit.

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Reporting year: 2023
Contaminants measured: 33
Over federal limit: 0
Approaching the limit: 0
Service area: CA
Source: Utility CCR

All within federal limits. Every measured contaminant in this report is below its federal threshold.

Disinfection byproducts

Contaminant	Measured	Federal limit	Status
BromateA disinfection byproduct formed when bromide-containing water is treated with ozone.	7.9 ug/LRunning annual avgMills Plant	None set	Within the limit
+By source (5)— Mills Plant, Weymouth Plant, Skinner Plant +2 more Mills PlantPlant avg7.9 ug/Lrange0–19 ug/L190% of limit Weymouth PlantPlant avg2 ug/Lrange0–9.2 ug/L92% of limit Skinner PlantPlant avg1.5 ug/Lrange0–6 ug/L60% of limit Jensen PlantPlant avg3.1 ug/Lrange0–5.4 ug/L54% of limit Diemer PlantPlant avgNot detected ug/Lrange0–1.6 ug/L16% of limit
TTHMTotal trihalomethanes — a group of four chemicals (including chloroform) formed when chlorine reacts with natural organic matter.	45 ug/LRunning annual avgDistribution System Highest LRAA	None set	Within the limit
+By source (7)— Skinner Plant, Distribution System, Distribution System Highest LRAA +4 more Skinner PlantPlant avg34 ug/Lrange15–48 ug/L60% of limit Distribution SystemZone range12–48 ug/L60% of limit Distribution System Highest LRAAZone avg45 ug/L56% of limit Diemer PlantPlant avg44 ug/Lrange24–30 ug/L55% of limit Mills PlantPlant avg44 ug/Lrange14–29 ug/L55% of limit Weymouth PlantPlant avg32 ug/Lrange28–37 ug/L46% of limit Jensen PlantPlant avg21 ug/Lrange13–27 ug/L34% of limit
HAA5Haloacetic acids — a group of five disinfection byproducts formed when disinfectants react with organic matter.	19 ug/LRunning annual avgDistribution System Highest LRAA	None set	Within the limit
+By source (7)— Distribution System, Skinner Plant, Diemer Plant +4 more Distribution SystemZone range0–23 ug/L38% of limit Skinner PlantPlant avg12 ug/Lrange1.2–23 ug/L38% of limit Diemer PlantPlant avg19 ug/Lrange0–9.5 ug/L32% of limit Distribution System Highest LRAAZone avg19 ug/L32% of limit Mills PlantPlant avg13 ug/Lrange0–5.7 ug/L22% of limit Weymouth PlantPlant avg6.2 ug/Lrange0–4.2 ug/L10% of limit Jensen PlantPlant avg5.6 ug/Lrange1.3–5 ug/L9% of limit
ChlorateA byproduct that can form during disinfection, especially when hypochlorite solutions degrade.	80 ug/LAverageSkinner Plant	800 ug/LNL	Detected — no federal limit
+By source (5)— Skinner Plant, Weymouth Plant, Mills Plant +2 more Skinner PlantPlant avg80 ug/Lrange80 ug/L Weymouth PlantPlant avg80 ug/Lrange80 ug/L Mills PlantPlant avg78 ug/Lrange78 ug/L Diemer PlantPlant avg77 ug/Lrange77 ug/L Jensen PlantPlant avg70 ug/Lrange70 ug/L
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine	2.5 ug/LAverageDiemer Plant	50 ug/LNL	Detected — no federal limit
+By source (5)— Diemer Plant, Skinner Plant, Jensen Plant +2 more Diemer PlantPlant avg2.5 ug/Lrange2.5 ug/L Skinner PlantPlant avgNot detected ug/LrangeNot detected ug/L Jensen PlantPlant avgNot detected ug/LrangeNot detected ug/L Mills PlantPlant avgNot detected ug/LrangeNot detected ug/L Weymouth PlantPlant avgNot detected ug/LrangeNot detected ug/L
NDMA	2.5 ng/LAverageSkinner Plant	10 ng/LNL	Detected — no federal limit
+By source (6)— Distribution System, Skinner Plant, Jensen Plant +3 more Distribution SystemZone avgNot detected ng/Lrange0–3 ng/L Skinner PlantPlant avg2.5 ng/Lrange2.5 ng/L Jensen PlantPlant avgNot detected ng/LrangeNot detected ng/L Diemer PlantPlant avgNot detected ng/LrangeNot detected ng/L Mills PlantPlant avgNot detected ng/LrangeNot detected ng/L Weymouth PlantPlant avgNot detected ng/LrangeNot detected ng/L
PerchlorateA chemical used in rocket fuel and fireworks that can also form during disinfection.	Not detected ug/LAverageSystem-wide	None set	Detected — no federal limit

Disinfectants

Contaminant	Measured	Federal limit	Status
ChloramineA longer-lasting disinfectant made by combining chlorine with ammonia.	2.5 mg/LRunning annual avgDistribution System Highest LRAA	4 mg/LMCL	Within the limit
+By source (2)— Distribution System, Distribution System Highest LRAA Distribution SystemZone range1.6–3 mg/L75% of limit Distribution System Highest LRAAZone avg2.5 mg/L63% of limit

Other

Contaminant	Measured	Federal limit	Status
Chlorine Total	1.8 mg/LAverageSystem-wide	4 mg/LMCL	Within the limit

Inorganic chemicals

Contaminant	Measured	Federal limit	Status
FluorideA mineral often added to drinking water to help prevent tooth decay.	0.7 mg/LAverageMills Plant	4 mg/LMCL	Within the limit
+By source (6)— Mills Plant, Skinner Plant, Distribution System +3 more Mills PlantPlant avg0.7 mg/Lrange0.6–0.9 mg/L23% of limit Skinner PlantPlant avg0.7 mg/Lrange0.6–0.8 mg/L20% of limit Distribution SystemZone avg0.7 mg/Lrange0.3–0.8 mg/L20% of limit Diemer PlantPlant avg0.7 mg/Lrange0.6–0.8 mg/L20% of limit Jensen PlantPlant avg0.7 mg/Lrange0.6–0.8 mg/L20% of limit Weymouth PlantPlant avg0.7 mg/Lrange0.3–0.8 mg/L20% of limit
NitrateA compound from fertilizer runoff, septic systems, and erosion of natural deposits.	0.6 mg/LAverageMills Plant	10 mg/LMCL	Within the limit
+By source (5)— Mills Plant, Jensen Plant, Diemer Plant +2 more Mills PlantPlant avg0.6 mg/Lrange0.6 mg/L6% of limit Jensen PlantPlant avg0.5 mg/Lrange0.5 mg/L5% of limit Diemer PlantPlant avgNot detected mg/LrangeNot detected mg/L0% of limit Skinner PlantPlant avgNot detected mg/LrangeNot detected mg/L0% of limit Weymouth PlantPlant avgNot detected mg/LrangeNot detected mg/L0% of limit

Physical & aggregate

Contaminant	Measured	Federal limit	Status
TurbidityA measure of cloudiness from suspended particles in the water.	0.08 NTUMaximumMills Plant	None set	Within the limit
+By source (5)— Mills Plant, Skinner Plant, Weymouth Plant +2 more Mills PlantPlant 8% of limit Skinner PlantPlant 7% of limit Weymouth PlantPlant 6% of limit Diemer PlantPlant 6% of limit Jensen PlantPlant 4% of limit
AlkalinityA measure of the water's capacity to neutralize acids.	290 mg/LAverageGroundwater	None set	Detected — no federal limit
+By source (7)— Groundwater, Groundwater Range/, Weymouth Plant +4 more GroundwaterPlant avg290 mg/L Groundwater Range/Plant range290 mg/L Weymouth PlantPlant avg118 mg/Lrange109–127 mg/L Diemer PlantPlant avg114 mg/Lrange105–123 mg/L Skinner PlantPlant avg105 mg/Lrange103–107 mg/L Jensen PlantPlant avg98 mg/Lrange94–101 mg/L Mills PlantPlant avg70 mg/Lrange68–71 mg/L
HardnessA measure of dissolved calcium and magnesium minerals.	272 mg/LAverageWeymouth Plant	None set	Detected — no federal limit
+By source (7)— Diemer Plant, Weymouth Plant, Groundwater Range/ +4 more Diemer PlantPlant avg270 mg/Lrange235–305 mg/L Weymouth PlantPlant avg272 mg/Lrange241–303 mg/L Groundwater Range/Plant range245–259 mg/L GroundwaterPlant avg251 mg/L Skinner PlantPlant avg242 mg/Lrange242–243 mg/L Jensen PlantPlant avg148 mg/Lrange143–153 mg/L Mills PlantPlant avg84 mg/Lrange68–99 mg/L
pHA measure of how acidic or basic the water is.	8.7AverageMills Plant	None set	Detected — no federal limit
+By source (7)— Groundwater Range/, Mills Plant, Jensen Plant +4 more Groundwater Range/Plant range6.3–9 Mills PlantPlant avg8.7range8.7–8.8 Jensen PlantPlant avg8.3range8.2–8.3 Weymouth PlantPlant avg8.2range8.2 Diemer PlantPlant avg8.2range8.2 Skinner PlantPlant avg8.1range8.1 GroundwaterPlant avg7.5
TOCTotal organic carbon — a measure of organic material dissolved in the water.	2.6 mg/LRunning annual avgSkinner Plant	None set	Detected — no federal limit
+By source (5)— Skinner Plant, Weymouth Plant, Diemer Plant +2 more Skinner PlantPlant avg2.6 mg/Lrange2.3–3 mg/L Weymouth PlantPlant avg2.4 mg/Lrange2.1–2.6 mg/L Diemer PlantPlant avg2.4 mg/Lrange2–2.5 mg/L Mills PlantPlant avg2.2 mg/Lrange1.5–2.5 mg/L Jensen PlantPlant avg2.4 mg/Lrange2–2.5 mg/L
Total Dissolved SolidsTotal dissolved solids — the combined content of all dissolved minerals and salts.	590 mg/LAverageDiemer Plant	None set	Detected — no federal limit
+By source (5)— Diemer Plant, Weymouth Plant, Skinner Plant +2 more Diemer PlantPlant avg590 mg/Lrange492–682 mg/L Weymouth PlantPlant avg587 mg/Lrange506–680 mg/L Skinner PlantPlant avg559 mg/Lrange493–597 mg/L Jensen PlantPlant avg304 mg/Lrange295–313 mg/L Mills PlantPlant avg222 mg/Lrange169–262 mg/L

Metals

Contaminant	Measured	Federal limit	Status
BariumA metal from erosion of natural deposits and industrial discharge.	124 ug/LAverageWeymouth Plant	None set	Within the limit
+By source (5)— Weymouth Plant, Diemer Plant, Jensen Plant +2 more Weymouth PlantPlant avg124 ug/Lrange124 ug/L6% of limit Diemer PlantPlant avg124 ug/Lrange124 ug/L6% of limit Jensen PlantPlant avgNot detected ug/LrangeNot detected ug/L0% of limit Skinner PlantPlant avgNot detected ug/LrangeNot detected ug/L0% of limit Mills PlantPlant avgNot detected ug/LrangeNot detected ug/L0% of limit
CopperA metal that enters water from corroding household plumbing.	0.07 mg/L90th percentileAt the tap	1.3 mg/LAction level	Within the limit
LeadA toxic metal that leaches into water from old service lines, solder, and plumbing fixtures.	Not detected ug/L90th percentileAt the tap	None set	None detected
AluminumA common element sometimes used as a treatment coagulant.	93 ug/LAverageWeymouth Plant	None set	Detected — no federal limit
+By source (5)— Skinner Plant, Weymouth Plant, Mills Plant +2 more Skinner PlantPlant avg74 ug/Lrange0–160 ug/L Weymouth PlantPlant avg93 ug/Lrange0–150 ug/L Mills PlantPlant avgNot detected ug/Lrange0–110 ug/L Diemer PlantPlant avgNot detected ug/Lrange0–110 ug/L Jensen PlantPlant avg62 ug/Lrange52–91 ug/L
BoronA naturally occurring element from rock and soil.	170 ug/LAverageJensen Plant	1000 ug/LNL	Detected — no federal limit
+By source (6)— Jensen Plant, Diemer Plant, Weymouth Plant +3 more Jensen PlantPlant avg170 ug/Lrange170 ug/L Diemer PlantPlant avg140 ug/Lrange140 ug/L Weymouth PlantPlant avg140 ug/Lrange140 ug/L Mills PlantPlant avg130 ug/Lrange130 ug/L Skinner PlantPlant avg130 ug/Lrange130 ug/L GroundwaterPlant avg0.26 mg/Lrange0.25–0.26 mg/L
CalciumA naturally occurring mineral that contributes to water hardness.	68 mg/LAverageWeymouth Plant	None set	Detected — no federal limit
+By source (7)— Diemer Plant, Weymouth Plant, Groundwater Range/ +4 more Diemer PlantPlant avg68 mg/Lrange5.4–10 mg/L Weymouth PlantPlant avg8.4 mg/Lrange5.5–11 mg/L Groundwater Range/Plant range60–64 mg/L Skinner PlantPlant avg62 mg/Lrange5–10 mg/L GroundwaterPlant avg62 mg/L Jensen PlantPlant avg3.4 mg/Lrange2–4.4 mg/L Mills PlantPlant avg2.9 mg/Lrange15–22 mg/L
LithiumA naturally occurring element found in some groundwater.	40 ug/LAverageDiemer Plant	None set	Detected — no federal limit
+By source (5)— Weymouth Plant, Diemer Plant, Skinner Plant +2 more Weymouth PlantPlant avg40 ug/Lrange32–47 ug/L Diemer PlantPlant avg40 ug/Lrange32–47 ug/L Skinner PlantPlant avg28 ug/Lrange24–32 ug/L Jensen PlantPlant avgNot detected ug/LrangeNot detected ug/L Mills PlantPlant avgNot detected ug/LrangeNot detected ug/L
MagnesiumA naturally occurring mineral that contributes to water hardness.	26 mg/LAverageDiemer Plant	None set	Detected — no federal limit
+By source (7)— Diemer Plant, Weymouth Plant, Groundwater Range/ +4 more Diemer PlantPlant avg26 mg/Lrange22–29 mg/L Weymouth PlantPlant avg26 mg/Lrange23–29 mg/L Groundwater Range/Plant range23–24 mg/L Skinner PlantPlant avg22 mg/Lrange22–23 mg/L GroundwaterPlant avg23 mg/L Jensen PlantPlant avg14 mg/Lrange13–14 mg/L Mills PlantPlant avg9.7 mg/Lrange8.4–11 mg/L
PotassiumA naturally occurring mineral from rock and soil.	8.9 mg/LAverageGroundwater	None set	Detected — no federal limit
+By source (7)— Groundwater Range/, Groundwater, Weymouth Plant +4 more Groundwater Range/Plant range8.8–9 mg/L GroundwaterPlant avg8.9 mg/L Weymouth PlantPlant avg5 mg/Lrange4.6–5.4 mg/L Diemer PlantPlant avg4.9 mg/Lrange4.4–5.4 mg/L Skinner PlantPlant avg4.8 mg/Lrange4.6–4.9 mg/L Mills PlantPlant avg2.5 mg/Lrange1.9–3.1 mg/L Jensen PlantPlant avg2.6 mg/Lrange2.6 mg/L
SodiumA naturally occurring salt component.	105 mg/LAverageWeymouth Plant	None set	Detected — no federal limit
+By source (7)— Weymouth Plant, Diemer Plant, Groundwater Range/ +4 more Weymouth PlantPlant avg105 mg/Lrange93–117 mg/L Diemer PlantPlant avg103 mg/Lrange90–116 mg/L Groundwater Range/Plant range89–102 mg/L GroundwaterPlant avg95 mg/L Skinner PlantPlant avg93 mg/Lrange91–95 mg/L Mills PlantPlant avg44 mg/Lrange35–54 mg/L Jensen PlantPlant avg46 mg/Lrange46 mg/L

Microbial

Contaminant	Measured	Federal limit	Status
Escherichia coli (E. coli)Escherichia coli — bacteria found in the gut of humans and animals.	0MaximumMonthly	None set	None detected
Total ColiformA group of bacteria used as an indicator of overall water-system sanitation.	0.1 %AverageDistribution System	None set	Detected — no federal limit

Radionuclides

Contaminant	Measured	Federal limit	Status
Combined RadiumCombined radium-226 and radium-228 — naturally occurring radioactive elements.	Not detected pCi/LAverageDiemer Plant	0.019 pCi/LPublic health goal	Within the limit
+By source (5)— Mills Plant, Weymouth Plant, Diemer Plant +2 more Mills PlantPlant avgNot detected pCi/Lrange0–1 pCi/L20% of limit Weymouth PlantPlant avgNot detected pCi/LrangeNot detected pCi/L0% of limit Diemer PlantPlant avgNot detected pCi/LrangeNot detected pCi/L0% of limit Skinner PlantPlant avgNot detected pCi/LrangeNot detected pCi/L0% of limit Jensen PlantPlant avgNot detected pCi/LrangeNot detected pCi/L0% of limit
Gross AlphaGross alpha particle activity — a combined measure of alpha-emitting radioactive substances.	Not detected pCi/LAverageSkinner Plant	15 pCi/LMCL	Within the limit
+By source (5)— Diemer Plant, Skinner Plant, Mills Plant +2 more Diemer PlantPlant avgNot detected pCi/Lrange0–5 pCi/L33% of limit Skinner PlantPlant avgNot detected pCi/Lrange0–4 pCi/L27% of limit Mills PlantPlant avgNot detected pCi/LrangeNot detected pCi/L0% of limit Jensen PlantPlant avgNot detected pCi/LrangeNot detected pCi/L0% of limit Weymouth PlantPlant avgNot detected pCi/LrangeNot detected pCi/L0% of limit
Gross Beta Particle ActivityGross beta particle activity — a combined measure of beta-emitting radioactive substances.	4 pCi/LAverageSkinner Plant	None set	Detected — no federal limit
+By source (5)— Weymouth Plant, Skinner Plant, Diemer Plant +2 more Weymouth PlantPlant avgNot detected pCi/Lrange0–5 pCi/L Skinner PlantPlant avg4 pCi/Lrange0–5 pCi/L Diemer PlantPlant avg4 pCi/Lrange0–5 pCi/L Jensen PlantPlant avgNot detected pCi/LrangeNot detected pCi/L Mills PlantPlant avgNot detected pCi/LrangeNot detected pCi/L
UraniumA naturally occurring radioactive metal from erosion of natural deposits.	2 pCi/LAverageJensen Plant	20 pCi/LMCL	Detected — no federal limit
+By source (5)— Weymouth Plant, Jensen Plant, Skinner Plant +2 more Weymouth PlantPlant avgNot detected pCi/Lrange0–3 pCi/L Jensen PlantPlant avg2 pCi/Lrange2–3 pCi/L Skinner PlantPlant avg2 pCi/Lrange0–3 pCi/L Diemer PlantPlant avg1 pCi/Lrange0–3 pCi/L Mills PlantPlant avgNot detected pCi/LrangeNot detected pCi/L

Source: Hawthorne-city Water Dept. — San Jose, Ca, CA's 2023 Consumer Confidence Report — the annual drinking-water report every U.S. utility is required to publish. The numbers on this page are the utility's own. A water-quality report covers an entire service area, not a single address.

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