Inorganic chemicals
Fluoride in U.S. tap water
386 public water systems across 44 U.S. states report Fluoride in their annual Consumer Confidence Report. 15 sit at or above the federal limit.
386
systems measuring
15
over the limit
44
states represented
What it is
A mineral often added to drinking water to help prevent tooth decay.
Why it's regulated
Beneficial at low levels, but long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause bone disease and tooth mottling.
Federal limit4 mg/L· MCL
At or above the federal limit (15)
| Water system | Measured | vs. limit |
|---|---|---|
| High Point, NC 2024 annual report | 5280 mg/L | 1320.0× the limit |
| Columbus, OH 2025 annual report | 2025 mg/L | 506.3× the limit |
| Hollywood, FL 2024 annual report | 2024 mg/L | 506.0× the limit |
| Mcallen, TX 2024 annual report | 2024 mg/L | 506.0× the limit |
| Lewisville, TX 2024 annual report | 0.65–706 mg/L | 176.5× the limit |
| Lakewood, CO 2024 annual report | 675 ug/L | 168.8× the limit |
| Centennial, CO 2023 annual report | 618 ug/L | 154.5× the limit |
| Denver, CO 2023 annual report | 618 ug/L | 154.5× the limit |
| Pittsburgh, PA 2024 annual report | 101 mg/L | 50.5× the limit |
| Albuquerque, NM 2024 annual report | 0.93 | 9.3× the limit |
| Birmingham, AL 2024 annual report | 37 | 9.3× the limit |
| Barrelville, MD 2024 annual report | 18 mg/L | 4.5× the limit |
| Yonkers, NY 2024 annual report | 5 mg/L | 2.3× the limit |
| Cedar Ridge, MD 2024 annual report | 4–4 mg/L | 1.0× the limit |
| St Petersburg, FL 2024 annual report | 4 mg/L | 1.0× the limit |
Approaching the limit (37)
| Water system | Measured | vs. limit |
|---|---|---|
| Goodyear, AZ 2024 annual report | 3.46 mg/L | 0.9× the limit |
| San Antonio, TX 2023 annual report | 0.15–3.31 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Alameda, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Albany, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Antioch, CA 2024 annual report | 0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Berkeley, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Castro Valley, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| City of Antioch, CA 2024 annual report | 0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| City of Brentwood, CA 2024 annual report | 0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| City of Brentwood, CA 2024 annual report | 0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| City of Martinez, CA 2024 annual report | 0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| City of Martinez, CA 2024 annual report | 0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| City of Pittsburg, CA 2024 annual report | 0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| City of Pittsburg, CA 2024 annual report | 0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Concord, CA 2024 annual report | 0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Crockett, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Diablo Water District, CA 2024 annual report | 0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Diablo Water District, CA 2024 annual report | 0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| El Cerrito, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| El Sobrante, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Emeryville, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Golden State Water Company, CA 2024 annual report | 0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Golden State Water Company, CA 2024 annual report | 0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Hayward, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Hercules, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Kensington, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Lafayette, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Moraga, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Oakland, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Orinda, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Piedmont, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Pinole, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Richmond, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| Rodeo, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| San Leandro, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| San Lorenzo, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
| San Pablo, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–0.8 mg/L | 0.8× the limit |
Within the federal limit (329)
| Water system | Measured |
|---|---|
| Caroline Acres Mhp, MD 2024 annual report | 2.6 mg/L |
| Easton Utilities, MD 2024 annual report | 2.3 mg/L |
| Torrance, CA 2024 annual report | 0.64–1.1 mg/L |
| St George, UT 2024 annual report | 0–2.12 mg/L |
| Cedar Mhp, MD 2024 annual report | 2 mg/L |
| Simi Valley, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7–1 mg/L |
| Thousand Oaks, CA 2024 annual report | 0.6–1 mg/L |
| West Covina, CA 2024 annual report | 1 mg/L |
| Montgomery, AL 2024 annual report | 1.96 |
| City of Crisfield, MD 2024 annual report | 1.9 mg/L |
| Chula Vista Sweetwater, CA 2024 annual report | 0.5–0.9 mg/L |
| Lynn, MA 2024 annual report | 0.9 mg/L |
| Benedictine School, MD 2024 annual report | 1.77 mg/L |
| El Monte, CA 2024 annual report | 0.32–0.86 mg/L |
| Suffolk, VA 2024 annual report | 0.79–1.71 mg/L |
| Ewell Waterworks Cooperative, MD 2024 annual report | 1.7 mg/L |
| Chula Vista Otay, CA 2024 annual report | 0.5–0.8 mg/L |
| City of Cupertino, CA 2024 annual report | 0.8 mg/L |
| Huntington Beach, CA 2025 annual report | 0.8 mg/L |
| Los Angeles LADWP, CA 2023 annual report | 0.8 mg/L |
| Pasadena, CA 2023 annual report | 0.8 mg/L |
| San Diego, CA 2023 annual report | 0.8 mg/L |
| San Jose, CA 2024 annual report | 0.8 mg/L |
| Manchester, NH 2024 annual report | 0.6–0.76 mg/L |
| Vacaville, CA 2024 annual report | 0.75 mg/L |
| Fairfield, CA 2024 annual report | 0.71 mg/L |
| Clarksville, TN 2024 annual report | 0.99–1.41 mg/L |
| Joliet, IL 2024 annual report | 1.41 mg/L |
| Beaver Run Mhp, MD 2024 annual report | 1.4 mg/L |
| Burbank, CA 2024 annual report | 0.5–0.7 mg/L |
| City of Hemet, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7 mg/L |
| City of Menifee, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7 mg/L |
| City of Murrieta, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7 mg/L |
| City of Perris, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7 mg/L |
| City of San Jacinto, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7 mg/L |
| City of Temecula, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7 mg/L |
| Costa Mesa, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7 mg/L |
| East Valley Service Area, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7 mg/L |
| El Cajon, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7 mg/L |
| Fullerton, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7 mg/L |
| Glendale, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7 mg/L |
| Inglewood, CA 2023 annual report | 0.7 mg/L |
| Mills Service Area, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7 mg/L |
| Moreno Valley, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7 mg/L |
| Pomona, CA 2024 annual report | 0.3–0.7 mg/L |
| San Francisco SFPUC, CA 2023 annual report | 0.7 mg/L |
| San Mateo, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7 mg/L |
| Santa Ana, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7 mg/L |
| Santa Clara, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7 mg/L |
| Skinner Service Area, CA 2024 annual report | 0.7 mg/L |
Showing 50 of 329. The full list is in the JSON API.
Frequently asked
+What is Fluoride?
A mineral often added to drinking water to help prevent tooth decay. Beneficial at low levels, but long-term exposure above the federal limit can cause bone disease and tooth mottling.
+What is the federal limit for Fluoride in drinking water?
The federal MCL for Fluoride is 4 mg/L. The EPA enforces this against the regulated reporting statistic (typically a running annual average or 90th percentile), not a single-sample spike.
+How many U.S. water systems have Fluoride over the federal limit?
15 of the 386 public water systems on The Water Map report Fluoride at or above its federal limit, spanning 44 U.S. states. The full list is on this page.
+How can I check if Fluoride is in my city's tap water?
Search your city on The Water Map (https://www.thewatermap.com/) or browse the list on this page. Every U.S. public water utility is required to publish an annual Consumer Confidence Report that lists every contaminant it measured, including Fluoride.