Drinking water quality · 2023
· Verified
What's in Cws - Visalia, CA tap water
109 contaminants were measured in the Cws - Visalia, CA water system's 2023 annual report. Each is shown below against its federal limit — 1 sit at or above that limit.
- Reporting year
- 2023
- Contaminants measured
- 109
- Over federal limit
- 1
- Approaching the limit
- 0
- Worst contaminant
- 1,2,3-TCP
- Service area
- CA
1.5× the limit
state-level CCR
At or above the federal limit
PFAS — EPA UCMR5 (2023–2025)
2 PFAS compounds above EPA limits in Cws - Visalia, CA
The EPA finalized the first-ever federal drinking-water limits for six PFAS compounds in April 2024. These numbers come straight from EPA's UCMR5 lab dataset — every U.S. system serving more than 3,300 people tested every PFAS sample at an entry point to its distribution system. PFAS not listed below were either tested and not detected, or not yet sampled.
PFOS (Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid)
● Over EPA limit (1.7×)Measured 6.9 ng/LEPA limit 4 ng/LSample year 2024Samples 4 detect / 83
below national p90 (19.900000000000006 ng/L across detecting U.S. systems)
PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic acid)
● Over EPA limit (1.1×)Measured 4.2 ng/LEPA limit 4 ng/LSample year 2024Samples 1 detect / 83
below national p90 (13.649999999999999 ng/L across detecting U.S. systems)
PFPeA
● Detected (no federal limit)Measured 34 ng/LSample year 2024Samples 2 detect / 82
2.1× the national p90 (15.95999999999999 ng/L across detecting U.S. systems)
PFHxA
● Detected (no federal limit)Measured 15 ng/LSample year 2024Samples 3 detect / 83
above national p90 (12.190000000000003 ng/L across detecting U.S. systems)
PFBS
● Detected (no federal limit)Measured 4.3 ng/LSample year 2024Samples 2 detect / 83
below national p90 (13.909999999999979 ng/L across detecting U.S. systems)
PFBA
● Detected (no federal limit)Measured 28 ng/LSample year 2024Samples 2 detect / 83
above national p90 (18 ng/L across detecting U.S. systems)
PWSID CA5410016 · Source: EPA UCMR5. Limits per EPA's April 2024 PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation. PFAS values reported in nanograms per liter (ng/L) — note that 1 ng/L = 1 part per trillion.
Where your water comes from · EPA SDWIS
Cws - Visalia, CA's drinking water comes from ground water, drawn from 60 sources.
Source
60ground water
- WELL 83-01 - BEFORE _GAC-TCP
- WELL 16-02 - BEFORE_GAC-TCP
- WELL 82-01 - BEFORE_GAC-TCP
- WELL 12-01 - RAW
- + 56 more
Treatment
56treatment plants
- WELL 30-01 - CL2
- WELL 82-01 - GAC_EFF-TCP
- WELL 81-01 - CL2
- + 53 more
Distribution
0storage units
Also buys water from TULARE COUNTY CIVIC CENTER.
Source: EPA SDWIS facilities inventory. Methodology.
Historical readings · EPA Six-Year Review (2012–2019)
3 contaminants historically over EPA limits in Cws - Visalia, CA
Every U.S. public water system reports compliance-monitoring data to EPA. The Six-Year Review releases the 2012–2019 window as a single dataset — here's what your system reported, year by year. Values shown are the highest detection per analyte per year, compared to the federal MCL.
| Contaminant | Worst detection | EPA limit | Years (2012–2019) |
|---|---|---|---|
PCE worst: 2013 | 0.094 mg/L 18.8× | 0.005 mg/L | '12'13'15'16'17'18'19 |
NITRATE worst: 2015 | 15.7 mg/L 1.6× | 10 mg/L | '12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19 |
DBCP worst: 2016 | 0.00029 mg/L 1.4× near national p90 | 0.0002 mg/L | '12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19 |
CYANIDE worst: 2017 | 0.18 mg/L 90% above national p90 | 0.2 mg/L | '17 |
ARSENIC worst: 2015 | 0.00656 mg/L within near national p90 | 0.01 mg/L | '12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19 |
NITRATE NITRITE worst: 2018 | 5.5 mg/L within | 10 mg/L | '16'17'18'19 |
FLUORIDE worst: 2012 | 0.78 mg/L within | 4 mg/L | '12'13'14'16'17'18'19 |
DICHLOROPROPANE 12 worst: 2019 | 0.00078 mg/L within below national p90 | 0.005 mg/L | '14'16'17'19 |
TCE worst: 2013 | 0.00074 mg/L within | 0.005 mg/L | '13'15'16 |
RADIUM 226 228 worst: 2018 | 0.59 pCi/L within below national p90 | 5 pCi/L | '18 |
TTHM worst: 2017 | 0.0051 mg/L within | 0.08 mg/L | '12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19 |
BARIUM worst: 2013 | 0.12 mg/L within near national p90 | 2 mg/L | '12'13'14'15'17'19 |
CHROMIUM worst: 2015 | 0.0033 mg/L within below national p90 | 0.1 mg/L | '14'15 |
ANTIMONY worst: 2014 | 0.000184 mg/L within below national p90 | 0.006 mg/L | '14'15 |
CADMIUM worst: 2015 | 0.000094 mg/L within below national p90 | 0.005 mg/L | '15 |
SELENIUM worst: 2015 | 0.000327 mg/L within | 0.05 mg/L | '14'15 |
MERCURY worst: 2015 | 0.000012 mg/L within | 0.002 mg/L | '15 |
TOLUENE worst: 2012 | 0.00294 mg/L within | 1 mg/L | '12 |
URANIUM worst: 2013 | 0.015 ug/L within near national p90 | 30 ug/L | '12'13'14'15'16'18'19 |
COPPER worst: 2014 | 0.12 mg/L below national p90 | — | '14'15 |
LEAD worst: 2014 | 0.000112 mg/L | — | '14'15 |
BROMODICHLOROMETHANE worst: 2014 | 0.00102 mg/L | — | '14'15 |
BROMOFORM worst: 2014 | 0.00104 mg/L | — | '14'15 |
CHLOROFORM worst: 2012 | 0.00441 mg/L | — | '12'13'14'15'17 |
DIBROMOCHLOROMETHANE worst: 2013 | 0.00054 mg/L | — | '13'14'15 |
PWSID CA5410016 · Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 (2012–2019). Values are the highest detection in each calendar year; non-detect years are omitted. Year tags above show every year with a detection.
VOCs & pesticides
| Contaminant | Measured | Federal limit | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1,2,3-TCP | 0.0076071287128712875 UG/LAverageSource water | 0.005 UG/LMCL | At or above the limit |
| AtrazineA widely used agricultural herbicide that reaches water through runoff. | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 1 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Benzene | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 1 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Benzo(a)pyrene | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 0.2 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| ChloroethaneA volatile organic compound used in some industrial processes. | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | None set | None detected |
| Chloromethane | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | None set | None detected |
| Dichlorodifluoromethane | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | None set | None detected |
| Dichloromethane | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 5 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Ethylbenzene | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 300 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Simazine | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 4 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| XylenesA group of industrial solvents found in gasoline and paint. | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 1750 UG/LMCL | None detected |
Physical & aggregate
| Contaminant | Measured | Federal limit | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| ColorA measure of visible tint in the water. | 2.7941176470588234 UNITSAverageSource water | 15 UNITSMCL | Within the limit |
| OdorA measure of detectable smell in the water. | 0.5294117647058824 TONAverageSource water | 3 TONMCL | Within the limit |
| Total Dissolved SolidsTotal dissolved solids — the combined content of all dissolved minerals and salts. | 141.1764705882353 MG/LAverageSource water | 1000 MG/LMCL | Within the limit |
| Specific ConductanceA measure of how well water conducts electricity, which tracks dissolved mineral content. | 214.44444444444446 UMHO/CMAverageSource water | 1600 UMHO/CMMCL | Within the limit |
| TurbidityA measure of cloudiness from suspended particles in the water. | 0.3688235294117647 NTUAverageSource water | 5 NTUMCL | Within the limit |
| AlkalinityA measure of the water's capacity to neutralize acids. | 57.1843137254902 MG/LAverageSource water | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
| HardnessA measure of dissolved calcium and magnesium minerals. | 63.8235294117647 MG/LAverageSource water | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
| pHA measure of how acidic or basic the water is. | 7.74764705882353 PHAverageSource water | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
Radionuclides
| Contaminant | Measured | Federal limit | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gross AlphaGross alpha particle activity — a combined measure of alpha-emitting radioactive substances. | 2.2285714285714286 PCI/LAverageSource water | 15 PCI/LMCL | Within the limit |
| Combined RadiumCombined radium-226 and radium-228 — naturally occurring radioactive elements. | 0.0685 PCI/LAverageSource water | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
Metals
| Contaminant | Measured | Federal limit | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| IronA naturally occurring metal common in groundwater. | 36.166666666666664 UG/LAverageSource water | 300 UG/LMCL | Within the limit |
| AluminumA common element sometimes used as a treatment coagulant. | 34.82142857142857 UG/LAverageSource water | 1000 UG/LMCL | Within the limit |
| ZincA naturally occurring metal that can also enter water from corroding pipes. | 0.5750000000000001 UG/LAverageSource water | 5000 UG/LMCL | Within the limit |
| Beryllium | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 4 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| LithiumA naturally occurring element found in some groundwater. | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | None set | None detected |
| ManganeseA naturally occurring metal from soil and rock. | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 50 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| NickelA metal from natural deposits and industrial discharge. | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 100 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| PotassiumA naturally occurring mineral from rock and soil. | Not detected MG/LHighest single sampleSource water | None set | None detected |
| Thallium | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 2 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| CalciumA naturally occurring mineral that contributes to water hardness. | 11.867647058823529 MG/LAverageSource water | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
| MagnesiumA naturally occurring mineral that contributes to water hardness. | 2.005294117647059 MG/LAverageSource water | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
| SodiumA naturally occurring salt component. | 18.15294117647059 MG/LAverageSource water | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
| Strontium | 303.3333333333333 UG/LAverageEntry point | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
| Vanadium | 16.266666666666666 UG/LAverageSource water | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
Inorganic chemicals
| Contaminant | Measured | Federal limit | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| SulfateA naturally occurring mineral from rock and soil. | 7.4941176470588236 MG/LAverageSource water | 500 MG/LMCL | Within the limit |
| ChlorideA naturally occurring salt compound. | 6.170588235294118 MG/LAverageSource water | 500 MG/LMCL | Within the limit |
| Ammonia | Not detected MG/LHighest single sampleSource water | None set | None detected |
| NitriteA compound from fertilizer runoff, sewage, and erosion of natural deposits. | Not detected MG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 1 MG/LMCL | None detected |
Disinfection byproducts
| Contaminant | Measured | Federal limit | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| HAA5Haloacetic acids — a group of five disinfection byproducts formed when disinfectants react with organic matter. | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleDistribution | 60 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| PerchlorateA chemical used in rocket fuel and fireworks that can also form during disinfection. | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 6 UG/LMCL | None detected |
Other
| Contaminant | Measured | Federal limit | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon Tetrachloride | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 0.5 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Chlorobenzene | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 70 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Cis Dichloroethylene 12 | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 6 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Dbaa | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleDistribution | None set | None detected |
| Dcaa | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleDistribution | None set | None detected |
| Deha | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 400 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Dehp | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 4 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Dichloroethane 12 | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 0.5 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Dichloroethylene 11 | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 6 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Edb | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 0.05 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Mbaa | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleDistribution | None set | None detected |
| Mcaa | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleDistribution | None set | None detected |
| O Dichlorobenzene | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 600 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| P Dichlorobenzene | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 5 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Styrene | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 100 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Tcaa | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleDistribution | None set | None detected |
| Trans Dichloroethylene 12 | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 10 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Trichlorobenzene 124 | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 5 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Trichloroethane 111 | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 200 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Trichloroethane 112 | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 5 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Vinyl Chloride | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 0.5 UG/LMCL | None detected |
PFAS ("forever chemicals")
| Contaminant | Measured | Federal limit | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11-Chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxaundecane-1-sulfonic acid (11Cl-PF3OUdS)11-chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxaundecane-1-sulfonic acid, a chlorinated PFAS compound. | Not detected NG/LHighest single sampleSource water | None set | None detected |
| 4,8-Dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid (ADONA)ADONA, a newer-generation PFAS replacement compound. | Not detected NG/LHighest single sampleSource water | None set | None detected |
| 4:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (4:2 FTS)4:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid, a PFAS-related compound. | Not detected NG/LHighest single sampleSource water | None set | None detected |
| 8:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (8:2 FTS)8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid, a PFAS-related compound. | Not detected NG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | None set | None detected |
| 9-Chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonic acid (9Cl-PF3ONS)9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonic acid, a chlorinated PFAS compound. | Not detected NG/LHighest single sampleSource water | None set | None detected |
| Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acidHFPO-DA ('GenX chemicals'), a newer-generation PFAS replacement compound. | Not detected NG/LHighest single sampleSource water | None set | None detected |
| N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid (NEtFOSAA)N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid, a PFAS-related compound. | Not detected NG/LHighest single sampleSource water | None set | None detected |
| N-methyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid (NMeFOSAA)N-methyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid, a PFAS-related compound. | Not detected NG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | None set | None detected |
| Perfluoro-3-methoxypropanoic acid (PFMPA)Perfluoro-3-methoxypropanoic acid, a PFAS-related compound. | Not detected NG/LHighest single sampleSource water | None set | None detected |
| Perfluoro-4-methoxybutanoic acid (PFMBA)Perfluoro-4-methoxybutanoic acid, a PFAS-related compound. | Not detected NG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | None set | None detected |
| Perfluoro(2-ethoxyethane)sulfonic acid (PFEESA)Perfluoro(2-ethoxyethane)sulfonic acid, a PFAS-related compound. | Not detected NG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | None set | None detected |
| Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA)Perfluorodecanoic acid, a longer-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.' | Not detected NG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | None set | None detected |
| Perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA)Perfluorododecanoic acid, a longer-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.' | Not detected NG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | None set | None detected |
| Perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid (PFHpS)Perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.' | Not detected NG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | None set | None detected |
| Perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA)Perfluorotetradecanoic acid, a longer-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.' | Not detected NG/LHighest single sampleSource water | None set | None detected |
| Perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA)Perfluorotridecanoic acid, a longer-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.' | Not detected NG/LHighest single sampleSource water | None set | None detected |
| Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA)Perfluoroundecanoic acid, a longer-chain PFAS 'forever chemical.' | Not detected NG/LHighest single sampleSource water | None set | None detected |
| 6:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTS)6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid, a PFAS-related compound. | 1.8407407407407406 NG/LAverageSource water | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
| Perfluoroheptanoic acidPerfluoroheptanoic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.' | 1.4933333333333334 NG/LAverageSource water | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
| Perfluorononanoic acidPerfluorononanoic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.' | 1.0147222222222223 NG/LAverageSource water | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
| Perfluoropentanesulfonic acid (PFPeS)Perfluoropentanesulfonic acid, a PFAS 'forever chemical.' | 1.3298780487804878 NG/LAverageSource water | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
Source: Cws - Visalia, CA's 2023 Consumer Confidence Report — the annual drinking-water report every U.S. utility is required to publish. The numbers on this page are the utility's own. A water-quality report covers an entire service area, not a single address.
People also ask about Cws - Visalia, CA's water
+Is Cws - Visalia, CA tap water safe to drink in 2023?
The 2023 Consumer Confidence Report for the Cws - Visalia, CA water utility lists 1 contaminant at or above the federal limit: 1,2,3-TCP. Whether that means the water is "unsafe" depends on which contaminant, how long the exposure, and individual health factors. The table on this page shows the measured value, the federal threshold, and the regulated statistic used for compliance.
+What contaminants are in Cws - Visalia, CA tap water?
109 contaminants were measured in Cws - Visalia, CA's 2023 Consumer Confidence Report, spanning other, pfas ("forever chemicals"), and metals. 60 have an enforceable federal limit; the rest are detected but unregulated. Every measured value, in the utility's own units, is on this page.
+Which contaminants exceed federal limits in Cws - Visalia, CA tap water?
One contaminant in Cws - Visalia, CA's 2023 report sits at or above the federal limit: 1,2,3-TCP (1.5× the limit). The EPA enforces these limits against the regulated reporting statistic — typically a running annual average or 90th percentile — not a one-off sample spike.
+What is the worst contaminant in Cws - Visalia, CA tap water?
The contaminant with the highest measured value relative to its federal limit in the 2023 report is 1,2,3-TCP, at 1.5× the federal threshold. It belongs to the vocs & pesticides family of contaminants.
+Where does the data on this page come from?
Every value is transcribed from Cws - Visalia, CA's 2023 Consumer Confidence Report — the annual drinking-water report every U.S. public water utility is required by federal law to publish. The original source document is archived and viewable on this site. A water-quality report covers an entire service area, not a single address.
+How often is Cws - Visalia, CA's water quality data updated?
Each U.S. public water utility publishes one Consumer Confidence Report per year, covering the prior calendar year's measurements. This page reflects the 2023 report; a new report will replace it once the utility publishes its next annual update.
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