Drinking water quality · 2023
· Verified
What's in City of Vacaville, CA tap water
103 contaminants were measured in the City of Vacaville, CA water system's 2023 annual report. Each is shown below against its federal limit — 3 sit at or above that limit.
- Reporting year
- 2023
- Contaminants measured
- 103
- Over federal limit
- 3
- Approaching the limit
- 0
- Worst contaminant
- Color
- Service area
- CA
8.5× the limit
state-level CCR
PFAS — EPA UCMR5 (2023–2025)
2 PFAS compounds above EPA limits in City of Vacaville, CA
The EPA finalized the first-ever federal drinking-water limits for six PFAS compounds in April 2024. These numbers come straight from EPA's UCMR5 lab dataset — every U.S. system serving more than 3,300 people tested every PFAS sample at an entry point to its distribution system. PFAS not listed below were either tested and not detected, or not yet sampled.
PFOS (Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid)
● Over EPA limit (2.5×)Measured 10 ng/LEPA limit 4 ng/LSample year 2024Samples 2 detect / 11
near national p90 (19.900000000000006 ng/L across detecting U.S. systems)
PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic acid)
● Over EPA limit (1.3×)Measured 5.1 ng/LEPA limit 4 ng/LSample year 2024Samples 1 detect / 11
below national p90 (13.649999999999999 ng/L across detecting U.S. systems)
PFHxS (Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid)
● Approaching limit (92%)Measured 9.2 ng/LEPA limit 10 ng/LSample year 2024Samples 3 detect / 11
near national p90 (12.049999999999997 ng/L across detecting U.S. systems)
Lithium
● Detected (no federal limit)Measured 45 mg/LSample year 2023Samples 5 detect / 6
near national p90 (76.59999999999991 mg/L across detecting U.S. systems)
PFBS
● Detected (no federal limit)Measured 3.7 ng/LSample year 2024Samples 2 detect / 11
below national p90 (13.909999999999979 ng/L across detecting U.S. systems)
PWSID CA4810008 · Source: EPA UCMR5. Limits per EPA's April 2024 PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation. PFAS values reported in nanograms per liter (ng/L) — note that 1 ng/L = 1 part per trillion.
Where your water comes from · EPA SDWIS
City of Vacaville, CA's drinking water comes from ground water, drawn from 15 sources.
Source
15ground water
- WELL · 11
- DE MELLO WELL - STANDBY
- NBR WTP - NORTH BAY AQUEDUCT - RAW
- NBR WTP - PUTAH SOUTH CANAL - RAW
- + 1 more
Treatment
13treatment plants
- WELL 16 - TREATED
- WELL 03 - TREATED
- WELL 05 - TREATED
- + 10 more
Distribution
0storage units
Also buys water from CITY OF FAIRFIELD.
Source: EPA SDWIS facilities inventory. Methodology.
Historical readings · EPA Six-Year Review (2012–2019)
1 contaminant historically over EPA limits in City of Vacaville, CA
Every U.S. public water system reports compliance-monitoring data to EPA. The Six-Year Review releases the 2012–2019 window as a single dataset — here's what your system reported, year by year. Values shown are the highest detection per analyte per year, compared to the federal MCL.
| Contaminant | Worst detection | EPA limit | Years (2012–2019) |
|---|---|---|---|
CHROMIUM worst: 2013 | 0.152 mg/L 1.5× 15.2× the national p90 | 0.1 mg/L | '13'14'16'17'18'19 |
TTHM worst: 2016 | 0.076 mg/L 95% | 0.08 mg/L | '12'13'14'15'16'17'19 |
ARSENIC worst: 2012 | 0.0085 mg/L 85% near national p90 | 0.01 mg/L | '12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19 |
HAA5 worst: 2019 | 0.035 mg/L within | 0.06 mg/L | '18'19 |
NITRATE worst: 2012 | 4.81 mg/L within | 10 mg/L | '12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19 |
CADMIUM worst: 2019 | 0.0023 mg/L within near national p90 | 0.005 mg/L | '12'13'19 |
NITRATE NITRITE worst: 2018 | 3.8 mg/L within | 10 mg/L | '17'18'19 |
FLUORIDE worst: 2014 | 1 mg/L within | 4 mg/L | '12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19 |
BROMATE worst: 2016 | 0.0011 mg/L within | 0.01 mg/L | '16 |
BARIUM worst: 2014 | 0.14 mg/L within near national p90 | 2 mg/L | '14'17 |
URANIUM worst: 2018 | 0.00283 ug/L within below national p90 | 30 ug/L | '18 |
COPPER worst: 2014 | 0.107 mg/L below national p90 | — | '14'19 |
LEAD worst: 2014 | 0.0064 mg/L | — | '14'16'18'19 |
DBAA worst: 2018 | 0.0031 mg/L | — | '18'19 |
DCAA worst: 2018 | 0.016 mg/L | — | '18'19 |
TCAA worst: 2018 | 0.01 mg/L | — | '18'19 |
BROMODICHLOROMETHANE worst: 2012 | 0.0064 mg/L | — | '12'13'14'15'16'17'19 |
CHLOROFORM worst: 2012 | 0.022 mg/L | — | '12'13'14'15'16'17'19 |
DIBROMOCHLOROMETHANE worst: 2012 | 0.0032 mg/L | — | '12'13'14'15'16'19 |
PWSID CA4810008 · Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 (2012–2019). Values are the highest detection in each calendar year; non-detect years are omitted. Year tags above show every year with a detection.
Physical & aggregate
| Contaminant | Measured | Federal limit | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| ColorA measure of visible tint in the water. | 128.08333333333334 UNITSAverageSource water | 15 UNITSMCL | At or above the limit |
| TurbidityA measure of cloudiness from suspended particles in the water. | 10.13 NTUAverageSource water | 5 NTUMCL | At or above the limit |
| OdorA measure of detectable smell in the water. | 2.3 TONAverageEntry point | 3 TONMCL | Within the limit |
| Total Dissolved SolidsTotal dissolved solids — the combined content of all dissolved minerals and salts. | 310.6666666666667 MG/LAverageSource water | 1000 MG/LMCL | Within the limit |
| Specific ConductanceA measure of how well water conducts electricity, which tracks dissolved mineral content. | 450.6111111111111 UMHO/CMAverageSource water | 1600 UMHO/CMMCL | Within the limit |
| AlkalinityA measure of the water's capacity to neutralize acids. | 133.6142857142857 MG/LAverageSource water | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
| HardnessA measure of dissolved calcium and magnesium minerals. | 160 MG/LAverageEntry point | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
| pHA measure of how acidic or basic the water is. | 8.5 PHAverageEntry point | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
| TemperatureThe measured temperature of the water sample. | 17.150000000000002 CAverageOther | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
Metals
| Contaminant | Measured | Federal limit | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| IronA naturally occurring metal common in groundwater. | 474.4 UG/LAverageSource water | 300 UG/LMCL | At or above the limit |
| AluminumA common element sometimes used as a treatment coagulant. | 396 UG/LAverageSource water | 1000 UG/LMCL | Within the limit |
| ManganeseA naturally occurring metal from soil and rock. | 12.226666666666667 UG/LAverageSource water | 50 UG/LMCL | Within the limit |
| SeleniumA trace element from natural deposits and industrial discharge. | 1.2785714285714285 UG/LAverageSource water | 50 UG/LMCL | Within the limit |
| Antimony | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 6 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Beryllium | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 4 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| MercuryA toxic metal from erosion of natural deposits and industrial runoff. | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 2 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| NickelA metal from natural deposits and industrial discharge. | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 100 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Thallium | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 2 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Vanadium | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleOther | None set | None detected |
| ZincA naturally occurring metal that can also enter water from corroding pipes. | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleOther | 5000 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| BoronA naturally occurring element from rock and soil. | 180 UG/LAverageSource water | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
| CalciumA naturally occurring mineral that contributes to water hardness. | 23.688888888888886 MG/LAverageOther | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
| Chromium, HexavalentHexavalent chromium ('chromium-6') — the more toxic form of chromium. | 10.952727272727273 UG/LAverageSource water | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
| MagnesiumA naturally occurring mineral that contributes to water hardness. | 28 MG/LAverageEntry point | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
| PotassiumA naturally occurring mineral from rock and soil. | 2.8066666666666666 MG/LAverageSource water | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
| SodiumA naturally occurring salt component. | 40.980000000000004 MG/LAverageSource water | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
Inorganic chemicals
| Contaminant | Measured | Federal limit | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| SulfateA naturally occurring mineral from rock and soil. | 74.66666666666667 MG/LAverageOther | 500 MG/LMCL | Within the limit |
| ChlorideA naturally occurring salt compound. | 18.146153846153847 MG/LAverageSource water | 500 MG/LMCL | Within the limit |
| Cyanide | 4.090909090909091 UG/LAverageSource water | 150 UG/LMCL | Within the limit |
| Ammonia | Not detected MG/LHighest single sampleOther | None set | None detected |
| NitriteA compound from fertilizer runoff, sewage, and erosion of natural deposits. | Not detected MG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 1 MG/LMCL | None detected |
Disinfection byproducts
| Contaminant | Measured | Federal limit | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| PerchlorateA chemical used in rocket fuel and fireworks that can also form during disinfection. | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 6 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| BromoformA trihalomethane disinfection byproduct. | 0.8506060606060606 UG/LAverageDistribution | None set | Detected — no federal limit |
Other
| Contaminant | Measured | Federal limit | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbofuran | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 18 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Carbon Tetrachloride | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 0.5 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Chlordane | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 0.1 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Chlorobenzene | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleOther | 70 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Cis Dichloroethylene 12 | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 6 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Deha | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 400 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Dehp | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 4 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Dichloroethane 12 | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 0.5 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Dichloroethylene 11 | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 6 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Dichloropropane 12 | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 5 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Dinoseb | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 7 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Diquat | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 20 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Edb | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 0.05 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Endothall | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 100 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Endrin | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 2 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Glyphosate | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 700 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Heptachlor | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 0.01 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Heptachlor Epoxide | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 0.01 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Hexachlorobenzene | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 1 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Hexachlorocyclopentadiene | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 50 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Mbaa | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleDistribution | None set | None detected |
| Mcaa | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleDistribution | None set | None detected |
| Methoxychlor | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 30 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| O Dichlorobenzene | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleOther | 600 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Oxamyl | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 50 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| P Dichlorobenzene | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 5 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Pcb Total | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 0.5 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Pce | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 5 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Pentachlorophenol | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 1 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Picloram | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 500 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Styrene | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 100 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Tce | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 5 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Toxaphene | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 3 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Trans Dichloroethylene 12 | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleOther | 10 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Trichlorobenzene 124 | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 5 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Trichloroethane 111 | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 200 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Trichloroethane 112 | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleOther | 5 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Twofourd | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 70 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Vinyl Chloride | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 0.5 UG/LMCL | None detected |
VOCs & pesticides
| Contaminant | Measured | Federal limit | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1,2,3-TCP | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 0.005 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| AtrazineA widely used agricultural herbicide that reaches water through runoff. | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 1 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Benzene | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleOther | 1 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Benzo(a)pyrene | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 0.2 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| ChloroethaneA volatile organic compound used in some industrial processes. | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | None set | None detected |
| Chloromethane | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | None set | None detected |
| Dalapon | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | 200 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Dichlorodifluoromethane | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleSource water | None set | None detected |
| Dichloromethane | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleOther | 5 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Ethylbenzene | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleOther | 300 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Simazine | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 4 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| Toluene | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleOther | 150 UG/LMCL | None detected |
| XylenesA group of industrial solvents found in gasoline and paint. | Not detected UG/LHighest single sampleEntry point | 1750 UG/LMCL | None detected |
Source: City of Vacaville, CA's 2023 Consumer Confidence Report — the annual drinking-water report every U.S. utility is required to publish. The numbers on this page are the utility's own. A water-quality report covers an entire service area, not a single address.
People also ask about City of Vacaville, CA's water
+Is City of Vacaville, CA tap water safe to drink in 2023?
The 2023 Consumer Confidence Report for the City of Vacaville, CA water utility lists 3 contaminants at or above the federal limit: Color, Turbidity, and Iron. Whether that means the water is "unsafe" depends on which contaminant, how long the exposure, and individual health factors. The table on this page shows the measured value, the federal threshold, and the regulated statistic used for compliance.
+What contaminants are in City of Vacaville, CA tap water?
103 contaminants were measured in City of Vacaville, CA's 2023 Consumer Confidence Report, spanning other, metals, and vocs & pesticides. 77 have an enforceable federal limit; the rest are detected but unregulated. Every measured value, in the utility's own units, is on this page.
+Which contaminants exceed federal limits in City of Vacaville, CA tap water?
3 contaminants in City of Vacaville, CA's 2023 report sit at or above the federal limit: Color (8.5× the limit); Turbidity (2.0× the limit); Iron (1.6× the limit). The EPA enforces these limits against the regulated reporting statistic — typically a running annual average or 90th percentile — not a one-off sample spike.
+What is the worst contaminant in City of Vacaville, CA tap water?
The contaminant with the highest measured value relative to its federal limit in the 2023 report is Color, at 8.5× the federal threshold. It belongs to the physical & aggregate family of contaminants.
+Where does the data on this page come from?
Every value is transcribed from City of Vacaville, CA's 2023 Consumer Confidence Report — the annual drinking-water report every U.S. public water utility is required by federal law to publish. The original source document is archived and viewable on this site. A water-quality report covers an entire service area, not a single address.
+How often is City of Vacaville, CA's water quality data updated?
Each U.S. public water utility publishes one Consumer Confidence Report per year, covering the prior calendar year's measurements. This page reflects the 2023 report; a new report will replace it once the utility publishes its next annual update.
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