Drinking water quality · 2024

· Verified

What's in Vacaville, CA tap water

33 contaminants were measured in the Vacaville, CA water system's 2024 annual report. Each is shown below against its federal limit 1 sit at or above that limit.

Reporting year
2024
Contaminants measured
33
Over federal limit
1
Approaching the limit
0
Worst contaminant
Chromium, Hexavalent
1.4× the limit
Service area
CA
state-level CCR
Source
Utility CCR

PFAS — EPA UCMR5 (2023–2025)

2 PFAS compounds above EPA limits in Vacaville, CA

About this data

The EPA finalized the first-ever federal drinking-water limits for six PFAS compounds in April 2024. These numbers come straight from EPA's UCMR5 lab dataset — every U.S. system serving more than 3,300 people tested every PFAS sample at an entry point to its distribution system. PFAS not listed below were either tested and not detected, or not yet sampled.

PFOS (Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid)

● Over EPA limit (2.5×)
Measured 10 ng/LEPA limit 4 ng/LSample year 2024Samples 2 detect / 11

near national p90 (19.900000000000006 ng/L across detecting U.S. systems)

PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic acid)

● Over EPA limit (1.3×)
Measured 5.1 ng/LEPA limit 4 ng/LSample year 2024Samples 1 detect / 11

below national p90 (13.649999999999999 ng/L across detecting U.S. systems)

PFHxS (Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid)

● Approaching limit (92%)
Measured 9.2 ng/LEPA limit 10 ng/LSample year 2024Samples 3 detect / 11

near national p90 (12.049999999999997 ng/L across detecting U.S. systems)

Lithium

● Detected (no federal limit)
Measured 45 mg/LSample year 2023Samples 5 detect / 6

near national p90 (76.59999999999991 mg/L across detecting U.S. systems)

PFBS

● Detected (no federal limit)
Measured 3.7 ng/LSample year 2024Samples 2 detect / 11

below national p90 (13.909999999999979 ng/L across detecting U.S. systems)

PWSID CA4810008 · Source: EPA UCMR5. Limits per EPA's April 2024 PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation. PFAS values reported in nanograms per liter (ng/L) — note that 1 ng/L = 1 part per trillion.

Where your water comes from · EPA SDWIS

Vacaville, CA's drinking water comes from ground water, drawn from 15 sources.

Source

15ground water
  • WELL · 11
  • DE MELLO WELL - STANDBY
  • NBR WTP - NORTH BAY AQUEDUCT - RAW
  • NBR WTP - PUTAH SOUTH CANAL - RAW
  • + 1 more

Treatment

13treatment plants
  • WELL 16 - TREATED
  • WELL 03 - TREATED
  • WELL 05 - TREATED
  • + 10 more

Distribution

0storage units

Also buys water from CITY OF FAIRFIELD.

Historical readings · EPA Six-Year Review (2012–2019)

1 contaminant historically over EPA limits in Vacaville, CA

About this data

Every U.S. public water system reports compliance-monitoring data to EPA. The Six-Year Review releases the 2012–2019 window as a single dataset — here's what your system reported, year by year. Values shown are the highest detection per analyte per year, compared to the federal MCL.

ContaminantWorst detectionEPA limitYears (2012–2019)
CHROMIUM
worst: 2013
0.152 mg/L
1.5×
15.2× the national p90
0.1 mg/L
'13'14'16'17'18'19
TTHM
worst: 2016
0.076 mg/L
95%
0.08 mg/L
'12'13'14'15'16'17'19
ARSENIC
worst: 2012
0.0085 mg/L
85%
near national p90
0.01 mg/L
'12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19
HAA5
worst: 2019
0.035 mg/L
within
0.06 mg/L
'18'19
NITRATE
worst: 2012
4.81 mg/L
within
10 mg/L
'12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19
CADMIUM
worst: 2019
0.0023 mg/L
within
near national p90
0.005 mg/L
'12'13'19
NITRATE NITRITE
worst: 2018
3.8 mg/L
within
10 mg/L
'17'18'19
FLUORIDE
worst: 2014
1 mg/L
within
4 mg/L
'12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19
BROMATE
worst: 2016
0.0011 mg/L
within
0.01 mg/L
'16
BARIUM
worst: 2014
0.14 mg/L
within
near national p90
2 mg/L
'14'17
URANIUM
worst: 2018
0.00283 ug/L
within
below national p90
30 ug/L
'18
COPPER
worst: 2014
0.107 mg/L
below national p90
'14'19
LEAD
worst: 2014
0.0064 mg/L
'14'16'18'19
DBAA
worst: 2018
0.0031 mg/L
'18'19
DCAA
worst: 2018
0.016 mg/L
'18'19
TCAA
worst: 2018
0.01 mg/L
'18'19
BROMODICHLOROMETHANE
worst: 2012
0.0064 mg/L
'12'13'14'15'16'17'19
CHLOROFORM
worst: 2012
0.022 mg/L
'12'13'14'15'16'17'19
DIBROMOCHLOROMETHANE
worst: 2012
0.0032 mg/L
'12'13'14'15'16'19
PWSID CA4810008 · Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 (2012–2019). Values are the highest detection in each calendar year; non-detect years are omitted. Year tags above show every year with a detection.

Metals

ContaminantMeasuredStatus
Chromium, HexavalentHexavalent chromium ('chromium-6') — the more toxic form of chromium.14 ug/LAverage2023-2024 GroundwaterAt or above the limit
+By source (2)2023-2024 Groundwater, Vwtp
  • 2023-2024 GroundwaterPlant
    avg14 ug/Lrange1.8–30 ug/L300% of limit
  • VwtpPlant
    avg2 ug/Lrange2 ug/L20% of limit
IronA naturally occurring metal common in groundwater.0.17 mg/LAverageNbrWithin the limit
+By source (3)Nbr, 2023 Groundwater, Vwtp
  • NbrPlant
    avg0.17 mg/Lrange0.17 mg/L57% of limit
  • 2023 GroundwaterPlant
    avgNot detected mg/LrangeNot detected mg/L0% of limit
  • VwtpPlant
    avgNot detected mg/LrangeNot detected mg/L0% of limit
Chromium, TotalTotal chromium — the sum of all chromium forms, from natural deposits and industrial discharge.19 ug/LAverage2023-2024 GroundwaterWithin the limit
+By source (3)2023-2024 Groundwater, Nbr, Vwtp
  • 2023-2024 GroundwaterPlant
    avg19 ug/Lrange12–25 ug/L50% of limit
  • NbrPlant
    avg2.3 ug/Lrange1.1–3.4 ug/L7% of limit
  • VwtpPlant
    avgNot detected ug/LrangeNot detected ug/L0% of limit
ManganeseA naturally occurring metal from soil and rock.13 ug/LAverageNbrWithin the limit
+By source (3)Nbr, Vwtp, 2023 Groundwater
  • NbrPlant
    avg13 ug/Lrange13 ug/L3% of limit
  • VwtpPlant
    avgNot detected ug/LrangeNot detected ug/L0% of limit
  • 2023 GroundwaterPlant
    avgNot detected ug/LrangeNot detected ug/L0% of limit
BoronA naturally occurring element from rock and soil.0.18 mg/LAverageVwtpWithin the limit
+By source (3)Vwtp, 2023 Groundwater, Nbr
  • VwtpPlant
    avg0.18 mg/Lrange0.18 mg/L18% of limit
  • 2023 GroundwaterPlant
    avgNot detected mg/LrangeNot detected mg/L0% of limit
  • NbrPlant
    avgNot detected mg/LrangeNot detected mg/L0% of limit
Vanadium3.1 ug/LAverageNbrWithin the limit
+By source (2)Nbr, Vwtp
  • NbrPlant
    avg3.1 ug/Lrange3.1 ug/L6% of limit
  • VwtpPlant
    avgNot detected ug/LrangeNot detected ug/L0% of limit
SeleniumA trace element from natural deposits and industrial discharge.2.3 ug/LAverage2023-2024 GroundwaterWithin the limit
+By source (3)2023-2024 Groundwater, Vwtp, Nbr
  • 2023-2024 GroundwaterPlant
    avg2.3 ug/Lrange2.1–2.5 ug/L5% of limit
  • VwtpPlant
    avgNot detected ug/LrangeNot detected ug/L0% of limit
  • NbrPlant
    avgNot detected ug/LrangeNot detected ug/L0% of limit
AluminumA common element sometimes used as a treatment coagulant.0.04 mg/LAverageNbrWithin the limit
+By source (3)Nbr, 2023-2024 Groundwater, Vwtp
  • NbrPlant
    avg0.04 mg/Lrange0.03–0.06 mg/L6% of limit
  • 2023-2024 GroundwaterPlant
    avgNot detected mg/LrangeNot detected mg/L0% of limit
  • VwtpPlant
    avgNot detected mg/LrangeNot detected mg/L0% of limit
SodiumA naturally occurring salt component.57 mg/LAverage2023 GroundwaterDetected — no federal limit
+By source (3)2023 Groundwater, Nbr, Vwtp
  • 2023 GroundwaterPlant
    avg57 mg/Lrange43–80 mg/L
  • NbrPlant
    avg24 mg/Lrange19–27 mg/L
  • VwtpPlant
    avg18 mg/Lrange18 mg/L

Physical & aggregate

ContaminantMeasuredStatus
OdorA measure of detectable smell in the water.1.4AverageNbrWithin the limit
+By source (3)Nbr, 2023 Groundwater, Vwtp
  • NbrPlant
    avg1.4range1.447% of limit
  • 2023 GroundwaterPlant
    avgNot detectedrange0–133% of limit
  • VwtpPlant
    avgNot detectedrangeNot detected0% of limit
Total Dissolved SolidsTotal dissolved solids — the combined content of all dissolved minerals and salts.373 mg/LAverage2023 GroundwaterWithin the limit
+By source (3)2023 Groundwater, Nbr, Vwtp
  • 2023 GroundwaterPlant
    avg373 mg/Lrange290–530 mg/L53% of limit
  • NbrPlant
    avg218 mg/Lrange180–250 mg/L25% of limit
  • VwtpPlant
    avg220 mg/Lrange220 mg/L22% of limit
Specific ConductanceA measure of how well water conducts electricity, which tracks dissolved mineral content.589Average2023 GroundwaterWithin the limit
+By source (3)2023 Groundwater, Nbr, Vwtp
  • 2023 GroundwaterPlant
    avg589range450–82051% of limit
  • NbrPlant
    avg416range380–44728% of limit
  • VwtpPlant
    avg390range39024% of limit
HardnessA measure of dissolved calcium and magnesium minerals.177 mg/LAverage2023 GroundwaterDetected — no federal limit
+By source (3)2023 Groundwater, Nbr, Vwtp
  • 2023 GroundwaterPlant
    avg177 mg/Lrange76–300 mg/L
  • NbrPlant
    avg176 mg/Lrange140–194 mg/L
  • VwtpPlant
    avg163 mg/Lrange163 mg/L
TOCTotal organic carbon — a measure of organic material dissolved in the water.2.1 mg/LAverageSystem-wideDetected — no federal limit
TurbidityA measure of cloudiness from suspended particles in the water.0.51Average2023 GroundwaterDetected — no federal limit
+By source (3)2023 Groundwater, Vwtp, Nbr
  • 2023 GroundwaterPlant
    avg0.51range0–1.3
  • VwtpPlant
    avg0.27range0.27
  • NbrPlant
    avg0.07range0.04–0.1

Disinfectants

ContaminantMeasuredStatus
ChlorineA disinfectant added to drinking water to kill bacteria and viruses.1.11 mg/LAverageSystem-wideWithin the limit

Radionuclides

ContaminantMeasuredStatus
Gross AlphaGross alpha particle activity — a combined measure of alpha-emitting radioactive substances.3.1 pCi/LAverage2020 GroundwaterWithin the limit
+By source (2)2020 Groundwater, Vwtp
  • 2020 GroundwaterPlant
    avg3.1 pCi/Lrange1.9–4.1 pCi/L27% of limit
  • VwtpPlant
    avg2.8 pCi/L19% of limit

Inorganic chemicals

ContaminantMeasuredStatus
SulfateA naturally occurring mineral from rock and soil.42 mg/LAverageNbrWithin the limit
+By source (3)2023 Groundwater, Nbr, Vwtp
  • 2023 GroundwaterPlant
    avg35 mg/Lrange3.7–68 mg/L14% of limit
  • NbrPlant
    avg42 mg/Lrange36–48 mg/L10% of limit
  • VwtpPlant
    avg26 mg/Lrange26 mg/L5% of limit
ChlorideA naturally occurring salt compound.23 mg/LAverage2023 GroundwaterWithin the limit
+By source (3)2023 Groundwater, Vwtp, Nbr
  • 2023 GroundwaterPlant
    avg23 mg/Lrange7.4–78 mg/L16% of limit
  • VwtpPlant
    avg15 mg/Lrange15 mg/L3% of limit
  • NbrPlant
    avg9.2 mg/Lrange8.6–10 mg/L2% of limit

Microbial

ContaminantMeasuredStatus
Total ColiformA group of bacteria used as an indicator of overall water-system sanitation.0Highest single sampleNo. Of DetectionsNone detected
Source: Vacaville, CA's 2024 Consumer Confidence Report — the annual drinking-water report every U.S. utility is required to publish. The numbers on this page are the utility's own. A water-quality report covers an entire service area, not a single address.

People also ask about Vacaville, CA's water

+Is Vacaville, CA tap water safe to drink in 2024?

The 2024 Consumer Confidence Report for the Vacaville, CA water utility lists 1 contaminant at or above the federal limit: Chromium, Hexavalent. Whether that means the water is "unsafe" depends on which contaminant, how long the exposure, and individual health factors. The table on this page shows the measured value, the federal threshold, and the regulated statistic used for compliance.

+What contaminants are in Vacaville, CA tap water?

33 contaminants were measured in Vacaville, CA's 2024 Consumer Confidence Report, spanning metals, physical & aggregate, and inorganic chemicals. 24 have an enforceable federal limit; the rest are detected but unregulated. Every measured value, in the utility's own units, is on this page.

+Which contaminants exceed federal limits in Vacaville, CA tap water?

One contaminant in Vacaville, CA's 2024 report sits at or above the federal limit: Chromium, Hexavalent (1.4× the limit). The EPA enforces these limits against the regulated reporting statistic — typically a running annual average or 90th percentile — not a one-off sample spike.

+What is the worst contaminant in Vacaville, CA tap water?

The contaminant with the highest measured value relative to its federal limit in the 2024 report is Chromium, Hexavalent, at 1.4× the federal threshold. It belongs to the metals family of contaminants.

+Where does the data on this page come from?

Every value is transcribed from Vacaville, CA's 2024 Consumer Confidence Report — the annual drinking-water report every U.S. public water utility is required by federal law to publish. The original source document is archived and viewable on this site. A water-quality report covers an entire service area, not a single address.

+How often is Vacaville, CA's water quality data updated?

Each U.S. public water utility publishes one Consumer Confidence Report per year, covering the prior calendar year's measurements. This page reflects the 2024 report; a new report will replace it once the utility publishes its next annual update.

More water systems in CA